高中英語寫作方法

時(shí)間：2022-10-05 18:05:34 學(xué)習(xí)方法我要投稿

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高中英語寫作方法

　　高中的英語該怎么寫?有哪些方法?下面就和小編一起去看看吧。

高中英語寫作方法

　　高中英語寫作方法

　　寫作中一些技巧：

　　1、審題：審題是做到切題的第一步。所謂審題就是要看清題意，確定文章的中心思想、主題，并圍繞中心思想組織材料。

　　2、進(jìn)行構(gòu)思，列出簡單的提綱，打造文章之骨架：審好題、立好意后，就要寫提綱，打造文章的骨架。文章布局要做好幾件事：安排好層次段落，鋪設(shè)好過渡，處理好開頭和結(jié)尾。

　　3、擴(kuò)展成文：根據(jù)字?jǐn)?shù)多少擴(kuò)展成篇。擴(kuò)展的內(nèi)容一定要緊扣主題，千萬不要寫那些與主題不相關(guān)的內(nèi)容。展開的方式包括：順序法、舉例法、比較法、對比法、說明法、因果法、推導(dǎo)法、歸納法和下定義等。可以根據(jù)需要任選一種或幾種方式。

　　在這一步驟中還需注意三方面問題：

　　1)確保提綱中段落結(jié)構(gòu)的思路與各段主題句的一致性。只有這樣，才能保證所寫段落不

　　偏題、不跑題。

　　2)要綜合考慮各個(gè)段落的內(nèi)容安排，避免段落內(nèi)容的交叉。

　　3)用好連接詞，注意段落間、句子間的連貫性。要做到所寫文章層次分明，思路清晰，

　　文字連貫，就需要在句與句之間、段與段之間架起一座座橋梁，而連接詞起的正是橋

　　梁作用。

　　在擴(kuò)展的過程中也有些竅門，以下幾點(diǎn)可供參考：

　　1)在整篇文章中，避免只是用一兩個(gè)句式或重復(fù)用同一詞語。英語中存在著極為豐富

　　的同義詞，準(zhǔn)確地使用同義詞可以給讀者清新的感覺。同時(shí)要靈活運(yùn)用各種句式，如

　　倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、省略句、主從復(fù)合句、對比句、分詞短語、介詞短語等，從而增加

　　文章的可讀性。

　　2)使用不同長度的句子。如果一個(gè)意思用一句話寫不清楚的話，通過分句和合句或用兩

　　句、三句來表達(dá)，增強(qiáng)句子的連貫性和表現(xiàn)力。

　　3)改變句子的開頭方式，不要總是以主、謂、賓、狀的次序�？梢园褷钫Z至于句首，或

　　用分詞等。

　　4)學(xué)會(huì)使用過渡詞。

　　(1) 遞進(jìn)furthermore，moreover，besides，in addition，then，etc

　　(2) 轉(zhuǎn)折however，but，nevertheless，afterwards，etc

　　(3) 總結(jié)finally，at last，in brief，to conclude，etc

　　(4) 強(qiáng)調(diào)really，indeed，certainly，surely，above a11，etc

　　(5) 對比in the same way，just as，on the other hand，etc

　　5)確定文章用第幾人稱寫，基本時(shí)態(tài)是什么。使用人稱時(shí)人物不能張冠李戴或指代不明。

　　時(shí)態(tài)要盡量保持一致。

　　4、檢查修改：要檢查復(fù)核，不要寫完了事。

　　要留時(shí)間通讀全文，修改可能出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤。檢查上下文是否連貫，句子銜接是否自然流暢。檢驗(yàn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)主要是句子是否通暢，該用連詞的地方用了沒有，所用的連詞是否合適，是否有語法錯(cuò)誤，主謂是否一致，動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣的使用是否正確，詞組的搭配是否合乎習(xí)慣，是否有大小寫、拼寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤等，還有就是注意卷面整潔。

　　可歸納為：中心突出，主題明確;層次清楚，條理清晰; 表達(dá)力強(qiáng)，傳情達(dá)意;語句通順，句型多變;過渡自然，銜接緊湊;標(biāo)點(diǎn)正確，大小無誤;字跡清楚，卷面整潔。

　　以上是一些寫作技巧以及相關(guān)的一些注意事項(xiàng)。下面我們來看看一些最近幾年常見的體裁及可借鑒的寫作模式。

　　一、議論文

　　議論文要求學(xué)生就某一方面的問題通過擺事實(shí)、講道理的方式來發(fā)表自己的看法。一般來說，議論文由論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、論證三部分組成。要做到：1)論點(diǎn)要正確無誤。2)論據(jù)要可靠充分。論據(jù)可以是人們公認(rèn)的真理，也可以是經(jīng)過實(shí)踐考證的經(jīng)典著作。3)論證要合理嚴(yán)密。人們常用的論證方法有歸納法、推理法、對比法。議論文一般按提出問題、解決問題的邏輯順序來安排層次。

　　(一)議論文的寫作步驟

　　1、引言(introduction)：由于英語作文受時(shí)間、字?jǐn)?shù)的限制，因此，在引言段中作者就

　　必須簡單解釋要討論的問題，并明白地亮出自己的觀點(diǎn)，如提倡什么，支持什么，反對

　　什么等。

　　2、展開段(supporting sentences)：展開段是議論的過程，作者必須有足夠的證據(jù)(adequate

　　proofs)來論證自己的觀點(diǎn)。一般可提出一個(gè)或兩個(gè)proofs, 并對此用一兩句話分別進(jìn)行

　　闡述。

　　3、結(jié)論(conclusion)：結(jié)論段可以用一兩句話來結(jié)束文章。同時(shí)要注意與引言段呼應(yīng)，

　　但不能照搬前面的原話。

　　(二)議論文的類型

　　英語議論文根據(jù)命題特點(diǎn)，從形式上來看可分為如下類型:

　　1、對問題“一分為二”的觀點(diǎn)。這類文章大多結(jié)合當(dāng)前時(shí)事，要求學(xué)生就某種現(xiàn)象談其利弊。如“轎車大量進(jìn)入家庭后，對家庭、環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)可能產(chǎn)生的影響”。此類文章的模式及套語如下，僅供參考：

　　第一段：

　　nowadays more and more people…/… plays an important part in… like everything else… has /have both favorable and unfavorable aspects (both advantages and disadvantages). generally, the favorable aspects (advantages) can be listed as follows.

　　第二段：

　　first…secondly…in addition(what’s more)…

　　第三段：

　　every coin has two sides. the negative aspects (advantages) are also apparent (obvious). to begin with… to make matters worse… worst of all…

　　第四段：

　　through above analysis/all things considered, we can see that the positive aspects(advantages) outweigh the negative aspects(disadvantages). therefore …

　　范文：討論電腦的利弊。

　　computers are playing a more and more important role in modern society. they are widely used almost in every field, such as business, transportation and education. we use computers to process and store all kinds of information. also, they are entering ordinary families. we use computers to control electrical appliances and to entertain ourselves by playing games on them. without computers, the world would not be what it is today.

　　in spite of this, computers cause problems. for instance, a great system will break down when only a single computer goes wrong. it is possible that somebody breaks into a computer system to steal secret information. we cannot rely so much on computers.

　　so we should develop more advanced and reliable computers in order to make our life more colorful and meaningful.

　　2、“兩者選一”的觀點(diǎn)。這要求學(xué)生在a和b之間作一選擇或比較，如“乘火車還是乘飛機(jī)”。

　　第一段：

　　some people hold the opinion that (a) is superior to (b) in many ways. others , however, argue that (b) is much better. personally, i would prefer (a) because (a) has more advantages.

　　第二段：

　　there are many reasons why i prefer (a). the main reason is that …. another reason is that…

　　第三段：

　　of course, choosing (b) also has advantages to some extent.(give one or two advantages of b)

　　第四段：

　　but if all these factors are considered, (a) is much better that (b).from what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that…

　　3、“我認(rèn)為……”即“我的觀點(diǎn)”型。如“一些學(xué)生喜歡拿自己的同學(xué)開惡作劇的玩笑，談?wù)勀愕目捶�。�?/p>

　　some of the students around us like playing practical jokes on others at school, but frankly speaking, i don’t think it’s wise to do this kind of thing, for they often lead to a lot of problems.

　　in my opinion, playing tricks on your classmates might ruin the friendship between you and your friends. as young students, we sometimes do something only for fun without thinking of others’ feelings. playing some jokes may more or less hurt your friends.

　　what’s more, playing tricks on others may do harm to their bodies. the victims of the jokes might suffer from severe pain not only mentally but also physically.

　　last but not least, humor has been well defined as thinking in fun while feeling inearnest.

　　if a person wants to make true friends, he must learn to foster the friendship which can enrich his life. he should learn to treat his friends sincerely and frankly, to give advice and to help whenever they need but never to` play meaningless practical jokes on them .

　　4、圖表作文。圖表式作文通過閱讀圖表中的數(shù)字與項(xiàng)目得出一個(gè)結(jié)論或形成一種看法。寫作要點(diǎn)：不需要把表中的數(shù)據(jù)一一列出，只要選幾個(gè)有代表性的數(shù)據(jù)加以敘述并結(jié)合數(shù)據(jù)抓住實(shí)質(zhì)簡而議之。

　　下面的模式可供參考：

　　模式一：

　　第一段：

　　… is known as one of the most serious problems in today’s world, as is shown in the grapy,/according to the figures shown in the grapy,(表述圖表中的數(shù)字)

　　第二段：

　　(陳述理由)furthermore,(繼續(xù)陳述理由) as a result,(引起的后果…的減少或增長)(…experiencing a decrease/increase)

　　第三段：

　　so i believe…will be achieved through efforts of every person.

　　模式二：

　　第一段：

　　from…we can see the increase/decrease(描述數(shù)字的句型)…was/added up to(數(shù)字) in(時(shí)間), while it increased/decreasedto(數(shù)字and數(shù)字) in (時(shí)間and時(shí)間) respectively. therefore, it can be predicted that …will further increase/decrease (is/are to be on the rise/decrease) in the future.

　　第二段：

　　there are chiefly three reasons for the rise/decrease. firstly…secondly…, apart from the above reasons…

　　第三段：

　　in spite of what is mentioned above, there are still… the grapy/table indicted… hence, the situation is still serious and how to …is still a challenging task.

　　5、看圖寫話。根據(jù)圖畫寫故事，伴之以簡單議論或者簡述圖畫內(nèi)容，透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，以議論為主。

　　以XX年的高考作文為例。圖片上女兒在學(xué)騎自行車，奶奶、父親和一手拿著急救箱的母親三人滿頭大汗地扶著車，深怕女兒摔著了。圖片下有一行字：你們讓我自己騎好嗎?這仍是一個(gè)涉及到孩子怎樣獨(dú)立的問題。此類文章可采用以下的模式：

　　1. outline the reasons/the cause of the problem.

　　2. many ways can be used to solve this serious problem, but the following ones may be effective.

　　3. first of all…besides…/another way to solve the problem of …is…finally…

　　4. from my experience, i feel there is no shortcut in doing everything./ maybe these are not the best

　　or only measures we can take. but it should be noted that we should take great pains to…

　　二、記敘文

　　記敘文要求學(xué)生根據(jù)題目提供的信息，組織語言材料，編寫成文。一般說來，記敘文有時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件、原因和結(jié)果六要素，寫作時(shí)要明確清楚地給予表達(dá)。

　　1、記人。要注意介紹人物的身世、經(jīng)歷和事跡等。

　　第一段：

　　in my life i have met many people who are really worth mentioning. but perhaps the most unforgettable person i have ever known is…

　　第二段：

　　it is his special quality that is always kept in my memory.

　　第三段：列舉第一個(gè)特點(diǎn)或外貌，在描寫時(shí)一定要圍繞一個(gè)主題句展開。

　　第四段：列舉第二個(gè)特點(diǎn)，在描寫時(shí)也一定要圍繞一個(gè)主題句展開。

　　第五段：談?wù)劯邢搿?/p>

　　例文：

　　the most unforgettable teacher

　　in my life i have met many people who are really worth mentioning. but perhaps the most unforgettable person i have ever known is my chinese teacher.

　　it is his special quality that is always kept in my memory.

　　for one thing, i was attracted by his wide range of knowledge. i remember that we students always attended his class with great eagerness because his lectures were humorously delivered, and he never failed to give us valuable advice. nothing seemed difficult to learn through his explanation.

　　for another, i was deeply impressed by the respect he showed for us. as he treated us like friends rather than students, we all liked to visit his home for social activities as well as for advice.

　　although it is over a year now since i attended his last class, he is the talk of our old classmates, and i know part of him has already stayed in my heart.

　　2、敘事。記事文要描寫事情發(fā)生與發(fā)展的過程，敘述事情發(fā)生的前因后果等，也就是說在寫事件時(shí)，應(yīng)抓住事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物等幾個(gè)基本要素。也就是我們常說的五個(gè)問題：

　　1) what happened?

　　2) when did it happen?

　　3) where did it happen?

　　4) who was involved?

　　5) why did it happen?

　　抓住這幾個(gè)問題，一般就能把一個(gè)事件完整地表達(dá)出來。

　　范文：

　　an unforgettable examination

　　i have experienced many kinds of examination in my life, the most unforgettable of which was the final-examination last term.

　　before the examination, i stayed up late in order to get a good score. the next morning i rushed to school without breakfast.

　　in the course of the examination, i saw a very difficult problem and it took me a lot of time. i thought hard but couldn’t work it out. soon after i gave up, i fell asleep at my desk. when i woke up , the examination was over，you can imagine what happened in the end.

　　i drew a good lesson from this examination. that is, listening attentively and going over your lessons regularly means less work.

　　三、書信的寫作

　　1、稱謂：

　　無職銜的男子：mr. wang/zhang

　　已婚女子：mrs wang/zhao

　　未婚女子：miss wang/zhang

　　博士：dr. zhang

　　教授：pro. lin

　　還有一些表示感情色彩的詞。

　　如：dear dr. smith/dear madam/dear sir

　　2、正文

　　正文要從稱謂的下一行寫起，可以和稱謂齊頭寫，也可以向內(nèi)縮五個(gè)字母寫。正文就是要具體地寫你想表達(dá)的內(nèi)容，要注意表達(dá)清楚、簡練，讓收信人很容易得知你要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。