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高中英語(yǔ)從句總結(jié)
總結(jié)在一個(gè)時(shí)期、一個(gè)年度、一個(gè)階段對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)和工作生活等情況加以回顧和分析的一種書面材料，寫總結(jié)有利于我們學(xué)習(xí)和工作能力的提高，為此我們要做好回顧，寫好總結(jié)。總結(jié)怎么寫才不會(huì)千篇一律呢？以下是小編精心整理的高中英語(yǔ)從句總結(jié)，歡迎大家借鑒與參考，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
1.主語(yǔ)從句
(1)主語(yǔ)從句可直接位于主語(yǔ)的位置，如果從句較長(zhǎng)，謂語(yǔ)又較短，可用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將從句放在句末。常見的句型有：
It is a facta pitya questiongood news that...
It seemsappearshappenedhas turned out that...
It is clearimportantlikelypossible that...
It is said eportedestimatedhas been proved that...
It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation. It seems that the performance is very useful.
(2)what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句表示“...的東西時(shí)”，一般不用it作形式主語(yǔ)。
What we lack is experience.
(3)what,who,when,why,whether等詞含有各自的疑問意義，但它們引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，都用陳述語(yǔ)序。
How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again. I did know why I felt like crying.
2.賓語(yǔ)從句
(1)賓語(yǔ)從句可位于及物動(dòng)詞、介詞和某些形容詞后。連詞that�？墒÷浴＝樵~后一般接疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。in that(因?yàn)?,except that(除了),but that(只是)已構(gòu)成固定搭配，其他介詞后一般不接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。
I promised that I would change the situation.
All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship. *He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.
This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.
(2)賓語(yǔ)從句后如有賓補(bǔ)，要用形式賓語(yǔ)it來(lái)代替，而把賓語(yǔ)從句移至賓補(bǔ)之后。 He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.
3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，如果謂語(yǔ)是否定的，一般將否定詞移至主句謂語(yǔ)上，賓語(yǔ)從句則變成肯定形式。 He didn't think that the money was well spent.
3.表語(yǔ)從句
表語(yǔ)從句出現(xiàn)在結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)從句”的句子中。表語(yǔ)從句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引導(dǎo)外，還可由because,as if(though)等引導(dǎo)。that�？墒÷浴Ｈ缰骶渲髡Z(yǔ)為reason,只能用that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，不可用because.
Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.
The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.
It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.
4.同位語(yǔ)從句
同位語(yǔ)從句用于對(duì)前面出現(xiàn)的名詞作進(jìn)一步說明，一般用連詞that引導(dǎo)，由于先行名詞的意義不同，也可用
whether,who,when,where,what,why,how以上的詞語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)。
常見的先行名詞有：
fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.
有時(shí)由于謂語(yǔ)較短，將同位語(yǔ)從句位于謂語(yǔ)之后。
She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.
I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.
The news came that their team had won the championship.
5.定語(yǔ)從句
定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的先行詞可以是名詞或代詞，也可以是一個(gè)句子。定語(yǔ)從句通常位于先行詞之后，由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。
限制性定語(yǔ)從句
限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞，對(duì)先行詞起修飾作用，緊接先行詞之后，無(wú)逗號(hào)，若省去，原句意思不完整。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有時(shí)也可指物，相當(dāng)于of which;which用于指物;that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。關(guān)系代詞除了引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，替代先行詞外，還在從句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。
The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.
Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.
The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.
1)當(dāng)先行詞是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代詞或先行詞前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，只能用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)從句。 That is all that I've heard from him.
He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.
2)關(guān)系代詞的省略
在從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞�？墒÷�。關(guān)系代詞緊跟介詞，作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不可用that，只可用which或whom引導(dǎo)從句，并且不可省略，但當(dāng)介詞位于賓語(yǔ)從句句末時(shí)，作為介詞賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞仍可用that，也可省略。
This is one of those things with which we have to put up.
This is one of those things (which hat) we have to put up with.
3)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why等。關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)“介詞+which”的結(jié)構(gòu)。
Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.
No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可修飾先行詞，也可修飾整個(gè)主句，起補(bǔ)充說明作用，與主句之間有逗號(hào)隔開，若省去，原句意思不受影響。不可用that引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系詞不可省略。
Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.
“介詞+whichwhomwhose”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
“介詞+whichwhomwhose”可引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，該結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選擇取決于從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的固定搭配，或先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配。
This is the computer on which he spent all his savings.
It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.
as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，代替整個(gè)主句，從句可位于主句之前、之后或中間。
These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行詞problems)
As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主語(yǔ))
6.狀語(yǔ)從句
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞和詞組有：
1)when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。
We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.
2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every)time,themoment,immediately(that)等。
As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses. The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.
高中英語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)
第一章 名詞性從句
在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(Noun Clauses)。 名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。
1. 主語(yǔ)從句
主語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句，通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語(yǔ) it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
1.1 It 作形式主語(yǔ)和 it 引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較
It 作形式主語(yǔ)代替主語(yǔ)從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞沒有變化。
而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無(wú)論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)也可用 who/whom。例如：
a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那場(chǎng)電影真可惜。
b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. 我對(duì)你成功與否不感興趣。
c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 謀殺案是在早上發(fā)生的。(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)
d) It is John that broke the window. 是 John 打碎的窗戶。(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)
1.2 用 用 it 作形式主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)
用 it 作形式主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)
(1) It is + 名詞 + 從句
It is a fact that … 事實(shí)是…
It is an honor that …非常榮幸
It is common knowledge that …是常識(shí)
(2) It is + 形容詞 + 從句
It is natural that… 很自然…
It is strange that… 奇怪的是…
(3) It is + 不及物動(dòng)詞 + 從句
It seems that… 似乎…
It happened that… 碰巧…
It appears that… 似乎…
(4) It + 過去分詞 + 從句
It is reported that… 據(jù)報(bào)道…
It has been proved that… 已證實(shí)…
It is said that… 據(jù)說…
1.3 主語(yǔ)從句不可位于句首的五種情況：
(1)if 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。
(2)It is said /reported…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如：
正確表達(dá)：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.
錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.
(3)It happens/occurs…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如：
正確表達(dá)：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.
錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：That he failed in the examination occurred to him.
(4)It doesn’t matter how/whether …結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如：
正確表達(dá)：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.
錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.
(5)含主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時(shí)，主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如：
正確表達(dá)：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?
錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Is that will rain in the evening likely?
1.4. what 與 與 that 在引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別
what 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)在句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語(yǔ).賓語(yǔ).表語(yǔ)，而 that 則不然。例如：
a) What you said yesterday is right.
b) That she is still alive is a consolation
第二章. 賓語(yǔ)從句
賓語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 (及物動(dòng)詞) 或
介詞之后。
2.1 作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)
(1) 由 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句(that 通�？梢允÷�), 例如：
I heard that be joined the army. 我聽說他參軍了。
(2) 由 what, whether (if) 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，例如：
a) She did not know what had happened. 她不知道發(fā)生了什么。
b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me. 我想知道你是否能幫我改一下
筆記。
(3) 動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)從句。例如：
She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她對(duì)我說她會(huì)接受我的邀請(qǐng)。
2.2 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)
例：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
我們的成功取決于我們之間的合作。
2.3. 作形容詞的賓語(yǔ)，例如：
I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 我恐怕我已經(jīng)犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。
注意：that 引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語(yǔ)：anxious, aware,certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried,sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied,content 等。也可以將此類詞后的 that 從句的看作原因狀語(yǔ)從句。
2.4. it 可以作為形式賓語(yǔ)
it 不僅可以作為形式主語(yǔ)，還可以作為形式賓語(yǔ)而真正的賓語(yǔ) that 從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中。
例如：
We heard it that she would get married next month. 我聽說她下個(gè)朋就會(huì)結(jié)婚了。
2.5. 后邊不能直接跟 that 從句的動(dòng)詞
這類動(dòng)詞有 allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate,
dislike, love, help, take, forgive 等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但不可以用that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：
正確表達(dá)：I admire their winning the match.
錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：I admire that they won the match.
2.6. 不可用 that 從句作直接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有些動(dòng)詞不可用于“動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+that 從句“結(jié)構(gòu)中，常見的有 envy, order, accuse, refuse,impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate 等。例如：
正確表達(dá)：He impressed the manager as an honest man.
錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.
2.7. 否定的轉(zhuǎn)移
若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為 think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine 等，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語(yǔ)上，從句謂語(yǔ)用肯定式。
例如：
I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。
第三章. 表語(yǔ)從句
表語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)的名詞性從句，放在系動(dòng)詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)從句”。可以接表語(yǔ)從句的連系動(dòng)詞有 be, look, remain, seem 等。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的that �？墒÷浴Ａ硗�，常用的還有 the reason is that… 和 It is because 等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such ashort time.
2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people.
3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.
4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus
第四章. 同位語(yǔ)從句
同位語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語(yǔ)的名詞性從句。
4.1. 同位語(yǔ)從句的功能同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由 that 引導(dǎo)，例如：
1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.
4.2. 同位語(yǔ)在句子中的位置同位語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如：
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
4.3 同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別
(1) 定語(yǔ)從句中的 that 既代替先行詞，同時(shí)以在從句中作某個(gè)成分(主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ))，而同位語(yǔ)從句中的 that 是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。
(2) 定語(yǔ)從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對(duì)先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質(zhì)或特征;同位語(yǔ)從句是名詞性的，其功能是對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。例如：
1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國(guó)。)(第一個(gè) that 引導(dǎo)的從句是定語(yǔ)從句，that 在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(湯姆將出國(guó)的消息是他講的。)(同位語(yǔ)從句，that 在句中做任何成分。
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