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有關(guān)醫(yī)學(xué)論文寫作的中英文摘要的單復(fù)數(shù)問題
在英文摘要的寫作中,名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的使用經(jīng)常存在著諸多問題。由于中文名詞表達(dá)中并沒有單復(fù)數(shù)的概念,因此對于英文名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的使用,一般作者很多都不能夠很好地把握,F(xiàn)把我們在英文摘要編校過程中,比較常見的單復(fù)數(shù)問題總結(jié)如下:
1.名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式,在一般情況下是通過使用+s或+es 形式來表達(dá)的。然而有一些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式卻比較特殊,不是單單+s或者+es,而是有專門的復(fù)數(shù)形式與之對應(yīng),例如:The indexes of CD64 in sepsis, pneumonia and control groups were determined。這里indexes的表達(dá)就是錯誤的,index的復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)為indices,而不是單單的+s或+es,因此這句話應(yīng)該修改為:The indices of CD64 in sepsis, pneumonia and control groups were determined。作者在使用這些單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式時應(yīng)加以注意,避免使用的錯誤。
2.當(dāng)數(shù)詞與名詞間用“-”連接時名詞的意義為復(fù)數(shù),但用單數(shù)形式表達(dá),例如:7-year-old(7歲)、three-dimension(三維)、five-classification(五分類)等。例如:The within-run and between-run precisions of 3-classifications and 5-classifications blood analyzers were good. 這句例句中,“三分類”與“五分類”兩個單詞中用“-”鏈接,該名詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式,因此正確的表達(dá)應(yīng)為:The within-run and between-run precisions of 3-classification and 5-classification blood analyzers were good.
3.在a total of、a set of、a group of、a series of、a number of、a wide range of等表多數(shù),后面應(yīng)使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:A total of 126 patients with IgA nephropathy was classified by 24 h urinary protein and glomerular filtration rate into Group A, B and C。有許多作者寫這類句式的時候,會通過“a”來判斷這句句子用單數(shù),但是a total of所表達(dá)的意思為多數(shù)“一共/總共有126名患者……”應(yīng)跟復(fù)數(shù),因此這類句式正確的表達(dá)方式應(yīng)為:A total of 126 patients with IgA nephropathy were classified according to 24 h urinary protein and glomerular filtration rate into Group A, B and C。除了以上所舉例出來的幾個表復(fù)數(shù)的詞組之外,在實(shí)際的寫作過程中,如作者不能確定應(yīng)用單數(shù)還是應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)時,可以通過上下文具體內(nèi)容來進(jìn)行判斷,從而來確定是否需要使用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。
4.different、diverse、various、multiple等加可數(shù)名詞,可數(shù)名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:The rate of HPV infection in different type of tissue, like normal cervical, LSIL, HSIL and cervical cancer tissues, was 0%, 30%, 71% and 100%。這一例句表達(dá)的是“不同、多種類型”之意,應(yīng)當(dāng)使用復(fù)數(shù)。正確的表達(dá)應(yīng)為:The rates of HPV infection in different types of tissues, like normal cervical, LSIL, HSIL and cervical cancer tissues, were 0%, 30%,71% and 100%。
5.除了以上這些情況之外,還有一些名詞用單數(shù)、用復(fù)數(shù)的習(xí)慣用法,如:by turns, in other words, in terms of, in detail, humans, human beings, conclusions等。
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