- 相關(guān)推薦
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫作技巧
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)考試中,要想在寫作上拿高分,關(guān)鍵在于句型和用詞。適當(dāng)?shù)赜脧?fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)和高級(jí)詞匯將有助于幫你得到高分。下面小編整理的寫作技巧,供大家參考!
(1) 改變時(shí)態(tài) The bell is ringing now. (一般) There goes the bell! (高級(jí))
(2) 改變語(yǔ)態(tài) People suggests that the meeting be put off. (一般) It is suggested that the meeting be put off. (高級(jí))
(3) 使用不定式 He is so kind that he can do me a favor. (一般) He is so kind as to do me a favor. (高級(jí))
(4) 使用過(guò)去分詞 Lisa walked out of the room and many guys followed her. (一般) Followed by many guys, Lisa walked out of the lab. (高級(jí))
(5) 使用v-ing 形式 When she arrives, please give me a call. (一般) On her arriving, please give me a call. (高級(jí))
(6) 使用名詞性從句 She happened to have met him. (一般) It happened that she had met him. (高級(jí))
(7) 使用定語(yǔ)從句 The girl is spoken highly of. Her homework was well done. (一般) The girl whose homework was well done is spoken highly of. (高級(jí))
(8) 使用狀語(yǔ)從句 I won’t believe what he says. (一般) No matter what he says, I won’t believe. (高級(jí))
(9) 使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 The patient didn’t die because there were the efforts of the doctor. (一般) But for the efforts of the doctor, the patient would have died. (高級(jí))
(10) 使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 I was born in 1987. (一般) It was in 1987 that I was born. (高級(jí))
(11) 使用倒裝 Though I’m sick, I’ll carry on. (一般) Sick as I am, I’ll carry on. (高級(jí))
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫作技巧【2】
一、記敘文的定義
記敘文也稱敘述文,是一種以敘述的手法來(lái)呈現(xiàn)人物活動(dòng)及事件過(guò)程的體裁。故事、游記、通訊、新聞報(bào)道(消息)、歷史、 人物傳記、日記和回憶錄等都屬于記敘文的范疇。
記敘文大致可以分為以記人為主的記敘文和以敘事為主的記敘文。前者主要是對(duì)人物的經(jīng)歷、活動(dòng)或者性格特征進(jìn)行敘述;后者則是對(duì)某一事件的發(fā)生、發(fā)展過(guò)程和結(jié)果進(jìn)行敘述。
二、記敘文的六大要素
記敘文的寫作涉及到六大要素,即五個(gè)W和一個(gè)H:時(shí)間(when)、地點(diǎn)(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、原因(why)和結(jié)果(how);
也可以將這六大要素概括為時(shí)間(time)、地點(diǎn)(place)、 人物( character)、事件的原因(cause)、經(jīng)過(guò)(process)和結(jié)果( effect)。
三、記敘文的行文方式
一般來(lái)講,記敘文應(yīng)具有包括開(kāi)頭,主體和結(jié)尾在內(nèi)的完整結(jié)構(gòu), 尤其是必須有情節(jié)發(fā)展的過(guò)程。作者應(yīng)該像電影導(dǎo)演一樣盡可能安排起伏和精彩的內(nèi)容,
在矛盾的產(chǎn)生和解決過(guò)程中凸現(xiàn)出誘發(fā)、發(fā)展到高潮的完整過(guò)程。此外,在敘述過(guò)程中為完整展現(xiàn)前面述及的六要素,還需要插入生動(dòng)活潑的人物場(chǎng)景描寫和清晰細(xì)致的動(dòng)作表情刻畫(huà)。
四、記敘文的寫作要領(lǐng)
基于英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法和詞匯特點(diǎn),寫作英語(yǔ)記敘文時(shí)應(yīng)掌握以下要領(lǐng):
1. 時(shí)態(tài)
由于記敘文是描述過(guò)去的語(yǔ)境,記敘發(fā)生過(guò)的事件,所以比較多使用包括一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)在內(nèi)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。但是,在很多情況下由于客觀描述的需要
,事件或人物描述的背景從過(guò)去轉(zhuǎn)到現(xiàn)在,現(xiàn)在時(shí)的使用不可避免。還有的時(shí)候,為了襯托人物的個(gè)性,直觀地表現(xiàn)人物的思想感情,需要運(yùn)用對(duì)話的方式。而人物對(duì)話需要用直接引語(yǔ),
時(shí)態(tài)的選擇又需要依托現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)境。這樣,事件的時(shí)間線索就顯得尤為重要,要求寫作者有較強(qiáng)的“時(shí)間領(lǐng)悟能力”,駕馭寫作過(guò)程中的時(shí)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換。例如:
Wang Nan, a world champion in ping-pong, is 1.62 meter tall with the weight of 54 kilograms. She was born in Liaoning Province in October 1978. She began to play ping-pong at the age of seven.
She played in Liaoning Team for three years before she came to the national team in 1993. She trained hard and got along well with her teammates. Wang Nan has won scores of gold medals in international table-tennis games and won great honor for our motherland.
She likes surfing the internet, and enjoys chatting with friends online.
在這篇短文中,第一句是客觀描述,介紹王楠的基本情況,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。第二、三句介紹她的成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷,用的是過(guò)去時(shí)。最后兩句敘說(shuō)她所取得的成就,又轉(zhuǎn)換到現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)境,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
2. 人稱
人稱的運(yùn)用也是記敘文的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)。第一人稱(First-person Narrator)是寫作者以當(dāng)事人的口氣來(lái)敘述,是一種主觀表現(xiàn)手法,給讀者一種親切自然的感覺(jué)。由于作者是以敘述親身經(jīng)歷的方式表達(dá)自己的思想情感,更能引起讀者共鳴。例如:
The other day, I was driving along the street. Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast. I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side. But it was too late. The car hit my bike and I fell off it. It was really a bad day for me.
第三人稱(Third-person Narrator)是寫作者從旁觀者的角度來(lái)敘述事件,是客觀的表現(xiàn)手法,能夠充分反映事件中各個(gè)人的感受與見(jiàn)解,從整體的視角來(lái)敘述事件。例如:
It was about nine o’clock on one Saturday evening in May. Sam was lying in bed, trembling with cold and having a cough. His head was aching so intensely that he kept groaning. His forehead felt very hot. We took his temperature. It was 38.5℃。
3. 動(dòng)詞使用的連貫性
為了刻畫(huà)人物個(gè)性,表現(xiàn)真情實(shí)感,記敘文經(jīng)常需要使用動(dòng)詞來(lái)突出過(guò)程與變化。在許多動(dòng)作交替出現(xiàn)的情況下,一定要注意動(dòng)詞使用的連貫性,使文字表達(dá)簡(jiǎn)潔明了,
一氣呵成。下面一段接著上文記敘了薩姆生病后作者送他去醫(yī)院的過(guò)程,動(dòng)詞使用得相當(dāng)連貫。
Without hesitation, I dialed “120”. It was not long before an ambulance arrived. One roommate brought a blanket for him, and another helped him in the ambulance.
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫作技巧【3】
一 、寫作的過(guò)程
四級(jí)的寫作,一般分為三個(gè)過(guò)程:構(gòu)思、組織、表達(dá)。
1.構(gòu)思。即:當(dāng)考生拿到考題,看懂題目,在腦中整合與考題內(nèi)容相關(guān)的內(nèi)容。這時(shí)的素材往往是個(gè)別的,孤立的,很凌亂瑣碎;
2.組織。即把腦中的素材做出整理,使其條理、系統(tǒng)化。取舍素材的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如下:第一自己是否可以準(zhǔn)備的英文進(jìn)行表達(dá),第二整理的素材字?jǐn)?shù)是否符合考試的要求。
3.表達(dá)。即把組織過(guò)的材料仔細(xì)推敲,確無(wú)問(wèn)題了再落筆成文。在撰寫時(shí)要注意主謂語(yǔ)一致,時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng),用詞貼切等。
二 、寫作的必備積累
1.基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法。
寫作是一個(gè)輸出的過(guò)程,要求考生一定具備最基礎(chǔ)的語(yǔ)法才會(huì)造出正確的句子,所以在真正寫作之前,考生需要檢驗(yàn)自己的最基本語(yǔ)法知識(shí)是否具備。
具體如下:時(shí)態(tài),語(yǔ)態(tài),三大從句,主謂一致。倘若可以掌握更復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)自然是更好,如:虛擬語(yǔ)氣,強(qiáng)調(diào),倒裝,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞等。但在此之前需要考生掌握造句的最基本語(yǔ)法。
2.高級(jí)詞匯以及高級(jí)固定句型的積累。
寫作的高分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不是語(yǔ)言的正確表達(dá),而是優(yōu)美表達(dá),換言之,文章不是寫對(duì)就是高分,需要寫好。這就要求考生一定有語(yǔ)言的積累,體現(xiàn)在寫作的造句方面就是單詞和句型的升級(jí)。
三 、寫作的提高方法
1.閱讀優(yōu)秀范文。
閱讀是寫作的基礎(chǔ),寫好英語(yǔ)先要讀好英語(yǔ)。積累一個(gè)詞,應(yīng)該要同時(shí)掌握這個(gè)詞的用法。記單詞不能光記它的表面意思,而應(yīng)深入了解它的適用語(yǔ)境、常用搭配、習(xí)慣用法等,
這樣才算真正掌握了一個(gè)詞。例如“Actually, no rules of the game states you must do anything”這個(gè)句子中,查字典了解到“state”一詞意思是“表明、說(shuō)明”,在這里作及物動(dòng)詞,
用法之一是“…state…”。以后在寫作中要表達(dá)“考試中取得高分表明你學(xué)習(xí)取得了很大進(jìn)步”便可寫成“The high marks of the tests state you've made great progress in your studies”。
2.加強(qiáng)練詞造句訓(xùn)練。
詞句對(duì)作文相當(dāng)于造房的材料,無(wú)好材料就造不出好房子。平時(shí)在學(xué)習(xí)閱讀時(shí)要注意收集積累,把好的詞語(yǔ)、短語(yǔ)、句型做好筆記。平時(shí)在練習(xí)中的錯(cuò)誤也要做好記錄,再對(duì)照正確句子,使地道的英語(yǔ)句子如同條件反射,落筆就對(duì)。
3.了解英語(yǔ)寫作格式。
可以先看一本介紹英語(yǔ)寫作入門的書(shū),對(duì)英語(yǔ)寫作有一個(gè)初步的概念,如怎么寫議論文,如何提出論據(jù),如何展開(kāi),如何確定中心句;又如,英語(yǔ)信的格式,如何根據(jù)不同身份寫不同結(jié)束語(yǔ)等,然后根據(jù)不同的體裁進(jìn)行寫作練習(xí)。
4.恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用過(guò)渡詞。
恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用過(guò)渡詞可以使文章結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,過(guò)渡自然,避免脫節(jié)現(xiàn)象。時(shí)間上的銜接詞有“then、as time goes by、day after day、gradually、finally”等,表因果關(guān)系的有“as a result、because of、thanks to”等.。
四 、寫作基礎(chǔ)功能句
第一類:表示原因
1)There are three reasons for this.
2)The reasons for this are as follows.
3)The reason for this is obvious.
4)The reason for this is not far to seek.
5)The reason for this is that…
第二類:表示益處/害處
1)It has the following advantages.
2)It does us a lot of good.
3)It benefits us quite a lot.
4)It is beneficial to us.
5)It is of great benefit to us.
6)We have good reason to believe that…
第三類:表示變化
1)Some changes have taken place in the past five years.
2)A great change will certainly be produced in the world's communications.
3)The computer has brought about many changes in education.
第四類:表示重要性
1)Doing sth. is of utmost importance / should be given priority.
2)It is admitted that sb. should do.
3)It plays an important role in our life.
第五類:表示措施
1)We should take some effective measures.
2)It is high time we tried our best to overcome(conquer)the difficulties.
3)Great effort is needed to…
4)There are several ways to deal with the problem.
第六類:表示事實(shí)現(xiàn)狀(首段常見(jiàn))
1) We cannot ignore the fact that…
2)No one can deny the fact that…/There is no denying the fact that…
3)indeed /apparently / obviously
4)This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.
5)Is true that…
第七類:表示比較
1)Compared with A,B……
2)I prefer to read rather than watch TV.
3)There is a striking contrast between them.
第八類:表示看法(首段或尾段)
1)People have(take,adopt,assume)different attitudes towards sth.
2) from my point of view
3)People take different views of(on)the question.
4)Some people believe that…Others argue that…
5) in terms of…談及..問(wèn)題時(shí)
【大學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫作技巧】相關(guān)文章:
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)考試寫作技巧09-30
英語(yǔ)的寫作技巧09-30
英語(yǔ)寫作技巧09-30
英語(yǔ)作文的寫作技巧07-20
英語(yǔ)作文寫作技巧11-18
英語(yǔ)作文寫作技巧10-05
提高英語(yǔ)寫作技巧10-05
英語(yǔ)寫作技巧ppt09-30
中考英語(yǔ)作文的寫作技巧01-04