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秦兵馬俑導(dǎo)游詞怎么寫(xiě)
秦兵馬俑導(dǎo)游詞范文【一】
尊敬的女士們、先生們： 今天，我們將參觀秦兵馬俑博物館。秦兵馬俑博物館位于酉安市東35公里處，從喜來(lái)登酒店坐車(chē)到那里大約需要50分鐘時(shí)間。自秦兵馬俑博物館于1979年10月1日開(kāi)館至今，已有為效眾多國(guó)家的黨政首腦都參觀過(guò)這個(gè)博物館，更有數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的中外游客不遠(yuǎn)干里來(lái)參觀這個(gè)人類(lèi)奇跡。法國(guó)總統(tǒng)希拉克曾留言說(shuō)過(guò)：“世界上原有七大奇跡，秦兵馬俑的發(fā)現(xiàn)，可以說(shuō)是第八大奇跡了。不看金字塔.不算真正到過(guò)埃及‘不看秦俑，不算真正到過(guò)中國(guó)。”美國(guó)前副總統(tǒng)蒙代爾也說(shuō);“這是真正的奇跡。全世界人民都應(yīng)該到這里看一看。”從這些高度凝練的話(huà)語(yǔ)中，我們不難看出秦俑的歷史價(jià)值及藝術(shù)價(jià)值。下面，我想把秦始皇這位成就一代偉業(yè)的歷史巨人介紹給諸位，以便使大家能對(duì)秦始皇兵馬俑和與之相關(guān)的歷史有一個(gè)較詳盡的了解。
談秦兵馬俑，必須先介紹一下面贏政。公元前259年，一代偉人贏政誕生了。13歲時(shí)，其父死后.他繼承了王位。按照泰國(guó)慣例.國(guó)王在22歲舉行過(guò)“加冕禮”以后，才可以親自執(zhí)政。當(dāng)時(shí).秦國(guó)的大權(quán)仍攀握在太后、相國(guó)呂不韋、宦官謬癟(160 6i)手中。特別是螺貞.手握大權(quán)，炙手可熱，他見(jiàn)宛改逐漸長(zhǎng)大，便陰謀叛亂.奪取政權(quán)。公元前238年，22歲的贏政去故都雍城納新年宮舉行加冕禮。謬酉在從霸年宮回咸陽(yáng)的路上埋下伏兵，準(zhǔn)備將贏政殺死。當(dāng)贏政察覺(jué)此事后，憑優(yōu)勢(shì)兵力訂敗鑼盔，將其生擒并車(chē)裂致死。贏政親致以后.以呂不韋放縱嫁亮為名，放逐日不韋。呂不韋后來(lái)飲毒灑自斃。這樣，贏政順利地消滅了政權(quán)內(nèi)部的兩大敵對(duì)勢(shì)力，鞏固了自身的地位。
為了進(jìn)一步鞏固君主權(quán)力，贏政選用了一批精明強(qiáng)干酌文臣武將，如掌握軍事的尉繚，攀管?chē)?guó)歐的李斯。接著，贏政制定了遠(yuǎn)交近攻、離間外敵、各個(gè)擊破的戰(zhàn)賂方針，開(kāi)始統(tǒng)一中國(guó)，結(jié)束了春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)以來(lái)長(zhǎng)達(dá)500多年各諸侯國(guó)割據(jù)稱(chēng)雄的混亂局面。從公元前230年到公元前221年，在不到10年的時(shí)間里，泰國(guó)滅亡了6國(guó)，終于完成了統(tǒng)一大業(yè)，建立了第一個(gè)中央集權(quán)的封建國(guó)家，為封建社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、思想文化的迅速發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ)。這又一次顯示了贏政的維才大賂。
贏政稱(chēng)自己為始皇帝.因?yàn)樗Ｍ淖訉O后代能把他所創(chuàng)立的政權(quán)干代萬(wàn)代傳下去。為此.他整頓了官僚制度。第一.從中央到地方的官吏全由他親自任免;第二，廢除分封制，推行郡縣制。第三.秦始皇還統(tǒng)一了法律、文字、貨幣、度量衡等。這些措施極大地推動(dòng)了封建社會(huì)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化的發(fā)展。另外，他還征用勞役，廣修馳道，使各地交通便利，以利經(jīng)濟(jì)文化的交流。他將戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期秦、趙、燕三國(guó)修筑的長(zhǎng)城連在一起后.又加以擴(kuò)展，形成了西起甘肅臨挑，東到遼東因石的萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城，有效地遏制方游牧部族對(duì)秦朝的騷擾。
中國(guó)皇帝大都為自己營(yíng)造巨大而豪華的陵墓。在這一點(diǎn)上，秦始皇也不例外。在他13歲剛即位時(shí)，就下令為其修建陵墓。這座原高120米.周長(zhǎng)2000多米的巨大陵丘、雖經(jīng)風(fēng)雨侵蝕和人為破壞，現(xiàn)在仍有76米之高，長(zhǎng)400多米之大.秦始皇把都城威陽(yáng)微縮于自己的陵園內(nèi)，其布局幾乎完全相同。陵園內(nèi)城西北部為獻(xiàn)殿建筑區(qū)，陵?yáng)|北部洼地是用以祭記的養(yǎng)魚(yú)池，陵園外城西北角是石料加工場(chǎng).陵西外城之外是一個(gè)大墳場(chǎng)。據(jù)史書(shū)記載，秦朝全國(guó)總?cè)丝诩s2000萬(wàn)，壯丁不過(guò)700萬(wàn)，而筑陵時(shí)，壯丁最多達(dá)70萬(wàn)，可見(jiàn)工程之浩大。
秦始皇的陵寢如同一座龐大的地下宮殿，真可謂是一座地下“福地天堂”。墓室屋頂有天文星宿圖，t是由各種均餡生輝的珠寶構(gòu)成的，下邊有五岳、九州以及由機(jī)械驅(qū)動(dòng)水銀構(gòu)成的江河湖海。另外，還沒(méi)有讓百官朝拜秦始皇的大廳。為防止盜威，每座墓門(mén)上都安有自動(dòng)發(fā)射的弓箭。整個(gè)陵墓可以說(shuō)是一個(gè)金碧輝煌，固若金湯的地下王官。秦始皇把生前所享受的一切也搬到了地下.供他在另一個(gè)世界繼續(xù)享用。他連那些為他伴駕不曾生育的宮女，以及辛勤修建地下陵寢的工匠們都不放過(guò).下令在他人殆時(shí)，將這些人統(tǒng)統(tǒng)活埋，為的是不讓宮女外嫁他人，不讓陵寢內(nèi)的秘密泄露。
現(xiàn)在，我們面對(duì)的是秦俑館一號(hào)坑，坑里就是號(hào)稱(chēng)“世界第八大奇跡”的秦兵馬俑。面對(duì)威武整肅的龐大軍陣，你們的腦子里一定會(huì)閃現(xiàn)如下問(wèn)題：這些秦傭是怎么發(fā)現(xiàn)的?為什么他們的相貌各異?為什么要制作這些俑?1、2、3號(hào)坑里共有多少俑等等。好，現(xiàn)在我就一一回答大家的這些問(wèn)題。
這些俑是1974年3月西楊村農(nóng)民們?cè)诖蚓倪^(guò)程中發(fā)現(xiàn)的。據(jù)村里的老人講.早在明朝，就有人在這里發(fā)現(xiàn)了秦俑。有一天，住在村里的難民在村外空地上訂了一口井，井水清澈，甚是喜人，可是第二天他們卻發(fā)現(xiàn)井底的水不見(jiàn)了。他們中膽大的腰系繩子，下去查看。不一會(huì)兒.井里傳來(lái)驚叫聲，上面的人暖緊把井里的人拉上來(lái)。這人說(shuō)，他看見(jiàn)一個(gè)站立著的、身穿盔甲的怪物.伸手要抓他。聽(tīng)者都非常害怕，想趕快用土回填那口井。但他們最終決定報(bào)告文物部門(mén)。
經(jīng)過(guò)考古專(zhuān)家們的勘探、鑒定.秦捅館內(nèi)的1、2、3號(hào)坑被確認(rèn)為秦始皇棱的陪葬坑。從1974年到1979年，經(jīng)過(guò)5年的艱苦努力，在1號(hào)坑遺址上矗立起一座氣勢(shì)宏偉、結(jié)構(gòu)科學(xué)的建筑物。這就是1979年10月對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外游客開(kāi)放的素兵馬俑1號(hào)坑。3號(hào)坑在1989年9月27日——世界旅游日對(duì)外開(kāi)放。現(xiàn)在，在2號(hào)坑的遺址上，一座大理石建筑又落成了，它于1994年11月開(kāi)始接待游客。從此，3個(gè)俑坑全都被保護(hù)在建筑物里，不再經(jīng)受風(fēng)吹日曬雨淋。在供游人觀看、懷古的同時(shí)，考古工作者們還在這里繼續(xù)發(fā)掘整理兵馬俑。
經(jīng)測(cè)量，1號(hào)坑?xùn)|西長(zhǎng)330米，南北寬62米，面積4260平方米。侗坑的最東端是3gf面向東的武士，每排7個(gè)，共210個(gè)捅。他們是部隊(duì)的前鋒。前鋒部隊(duì)的后面為部隊(duì)的主體，他們被誹成38路縱隊(duì)，站在11個(gè)坑道里。每個(gè)坑道都是青磚鋪地，坑道內(nèi)例的兩邊，每隔2米就有1根立柱。這些立柱支撐著木質(zhì)屋頂，屋頂上是織成“人”字形的紋席.席上是土。整個(gè)坑道距地表5米深。另外，在坑道的南、北、西三面?zhèn)溆幸涣忻嫦蛲獾奈涫?他們分別是部隊(duì)的右翼、左翼和后衛(wèi)�，F(xiàn)在，1號(hào)坑已出土1000多件陶桶。根據(jù)推剿.全部發(fā)掘完后.僅1號(hào)坑就將出土6000多個(gè)兵馬桶。
這里是1994年11月開(kāi)放的2號(hào)坑。它是由車(chē)兵、騎兵和步兵構(gòu)成的曲尺形方陣。估計(jì)可出土兵侗1000多件，車(chē)馬和鞍馬500多匹。2號(hào)坑占地6000平方米。它東面突出部分為一個(gè)小方陣，6334個(gè)彎兵桶組成。2號(hào)坑南部為64乘戰(zhàn)車(chē)組成納方陣，每排有8輛戰(zhàn)車(chē)，共8誹;中部為19輛戰(zhàn)車(chē)和隨車(chē)徒手兵涌;北部是戰(zhàn)車(chē)和騎兵。北部是由戰(zhàn)車(chē)6乘、鞍馬和騎兵各124件組成的騎兵陣。
現(xiàn)在，我們來(lái)到了3號(hào)坑，它位于2號(hào)坑西邊25米處。這個(gè)坑是1976年發(fā)現(xiàn)的。它里凹字形，占地520平方米。在3號(hào)坑里，考古專(zhuān)家們只發(fā)現(xiàn)1輛戰(zhàn)車(chē)和64件武士捅。它們兩兩相對(duì)站立，手捏儀衛(wèi)兵器曼(sh6)。大多數(shù)考古專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為，從這個(gè)坑里武士的排列方式和手中所握的兵器，以及該坑與秦陵的位置來(lái)判斷，3號(hào)坑是整個(gè)軍陣的指揮部。據(jù)估計(jì)，等1、2、3導(dǎo)坑全部開(kāi)損后，將出土8000多件陶佰。這些佰相貌各異：有的沉穩(wěn)剛毅，有的英勇果敢，有的慈善含笑�？芍^楊楊如生，神情各異。因?yàn)�，它們�(nèi)歉鶕?jù)秦始皇徹林軍中的將士們制作的，因此，在8000“地下御林軍”中，彌絕對(duì)找不到兩個(gè)相貌、形體相同的捅。他們一個(gè)個(gè)氣廢不凡，最重的有300多公斤，員輕的也有100多公斤，身高從1.7米到1.9米不等。如果大家仔細(xì)觀瞧，不難分辨出兵桶中履些是陜酉人，娜些是四川人，哪些是甘肅東部人。這從他們的胡須梳理方式和長(zhǎng)相即可看出。我們很多人在電影中都見(jiàn)過(guò)日本人的“仁丹須”.其實(shí)，秦便中就有蓄仁丹胡酌，可見(jiàn)，這并不是日本人的發(fā)明，早在2000多年前，中國(guó)就有人留這種胡須了。
那些穿窄袖戰(zhàn)袍外套，披掛齊腰短甲，腳登緊帶獸皮鞋，頭戴防風(fēng)婦的，顯然是機(jī)警的騎兵。那個(gè)左腳著地，雙膝弓起，右腿脆地，有腳底向后翹起的為跪射佰。
他雙目乎視前方，神情專(zhuān)注。這個(gè)涌鞋底的針角，兩頭細(xì)致續(xù)密.中間疏稀.完全符合歷支真實(shí)。在五六十年代的陜西農(nóng)村，很多農(nóng)民仍喜歡穿這種掛、只是鞋尖不向上朗翹而已。幾乎每個(gè)捅的衣襟上都刻有工匠的姓名，這符合“物勒工名，以考其誠(chéng)”的制度。我們今天實(shí)行的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量監(jiān)督管理制度，秦人2000年前就已采用了。
涌坑中約馬屑典型的河西走廊馬。它身高l 5米，長(zhǎng)2米，分為頭、頸、軀干和腿四部分。腿為實(shí)心，軀干中空，分段燒制，再組合在一起。馬的兩耳宜立，體型健壯優(yōu)美。由此可看出，秦人不愧為養(yǎng)馬世族。大家也許要問(wèn)秦始皇為什么要為他制作數(shù)量如此之多的兵馬桶呢?它們是怎樣燒制成的呢?原來(lái)，秦始皇曾想用4000童男童女為其殉葬。他降旨令李斯承辦此事。李斯心中懼怕.未敢馬上執(zhí)行此令。因?yàn)椋?造秦腔.建筑長(zhǎng)城已惹得民怨沸騰，再讓如此眾多的童男室女殉葬，豈不是火上澆油嗎?他將來(lái)恐怕也死無(wú)葬身之地。于是，李斯向美始皇建議;制作與其人真馬一樣大小的兵馬桶，守護(hù)其亡靈，以壯聲威。聞聽(tīng)此官，秦始皇大喜，他重新降旨，讓李斯征集全國(guó)的能工巧匠.以他的8060御林軍為原型.作陶佰。這些桶必須手握實(shí)戰(zhàn)兵器按實(shí)戰(zhàn)隊(duì)形排列，秦始皇再三囑咐李斯，此事萬(wàn)不能叫御林軍知道。因?yàn)榍爻耖g流傳一個(gè)說(shuō)法，如果一個(gè)人被別人復(fù)制成柄.其魂也就被勾走了.這可是大忌。秦始皇當(dāng)然不愿惹怒他喜愛(ài)的曰林軍了。工匠們紛紛去找詢(xún)林軍中自己的親戚、朋友、老鄉(xiāng)、熟人，仔細(xì)觀察其容貌特征，并默記于心�；厝ズ螅そ硞冇媚�、塑捏、刻畫(huà)、貼條等手法制成陶佰，然后放在窯里燒�？墒�，放進(jìn)去的陶佰全都被燒炸了，工匠們百思不解其中原因。后來(lái)，一個(gè)工匠為發(fā)泄對(duì)監(jiān)工的仇恨，把制好的監(jiān)工陶涌的頭去掉，將其四肢“削”去，用手“掏凈”其內(nèi)臟，放到窯里分段燒。這一次竟沒(méi)炸窯。他把頭和四肢裝在佰身上，一個(gè)活生生的監(jiān)工出現(xiàn)了。，由此，工匠們開(kāi)始了大規(guī)模的制捅工程。8000御林軍捅就這樣被造了出來(lái)。
當(dāng)然，秦兵馬桶是借龐大的軍隊(duì)，來(lái)顯示秦始皇滅六國(guó)、建立統(tǒng)一帝目的雄心壯志酌。這些兵涌手執(zhí)短兵器、長(zhǎng)兵器和遠(yuǎn)射兵器，如劍、銥、吳鉤、矛t戈、曼、裁、鉸、弓、彎等。這些兵器主要是用銅和錫做成的，經(jīng)分析里邊還含有其它13種稀有金屬。為防止兵器生銹，秦人在兵器表面徐有一層鉻鹽氧化物，這種鍍鉻技術(shù)在本世紀(jì)20年代才由檀國(guó)人發(fā)明出來(lái)，而我國(guó)在2000多年前就開(kāi)始在兵器上鍍鉻，這實(shí)在令人嘆跟。現(xiàn)已出土的彎?rùn)C(jī)，分小、中、大三種類(lèi)型。前兩種舀機(jī)，秦兵用手拉弓弦就可以，而大型彎?rùn)C(jī)，榮兵必須借助杠桿.才能將弓弦拉到扳機(jī)上。大型露機(jī)的射程為600多米，可比得上一支老式步槍了。
這是1980年在秦陵西邊18米處發(fā)現(xiàn)的兩乘青銅車(chē)馬。一號(hào)車(chē)馬為駟馬高車(chē)，二號(hào)車(chē)馬為騾馬安車(chē)。韌發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)，這兩乘車(chē)馬破損嚴(yán)重，尤其是供秦始皇靈魂乘坐的安車(chē)，已破碎成1500多片.經(jīng)考古工作者修復(fù)后，現(xiàn)在，它們看上去完好如韌。兩乘車(chē)的車(chē)、馬、人都是仿照真車(chē)、真馬、真人，按比例縮小二分之一制成的，僅安車(chē)上金銀飾物就有1720件，重達(dá)7公斤。鋼車(chē)馬給人的不僅是藝術(shù)享受，更為重要的是.它們具有重要的歷史價(jià)值和科學(xué)價(jià)值。銅車(chē)馬是我們了解、研究秦朝車(chē)制、冶金鑄造技術(shù)、工藝水平等不可多得的實(shí)物資科。
雖然.英雄一世，創(chuàng)立無(wú)數(shù)偉績(jī)的秦始皇——贏政早已去世2000多年了，但是，他的偉績(jī)，以及現(xiàn)存的兵馬桶留給人們的思考是什么呢?或者說(shuō)，我們能從上述事物中吸取些什么呢?我想，敢創(chuàng)歷史先河、為國(guó)家統(tǒng)一不懼死亡的鋁賂和勇氣是我們應(yīng)該吸取和仿效的。一代偉人贏政橫掃六國(guó)、統(tǒng)一中國(guó)的非凡氣度和魄力仍不失為我們今天克服前進(jìn)路上的障礙的巨大動(dòng)力。一個(gè)民族.一個(gè)國(guó)家想要富強(qiáng)，沒(méi)有這種氣魄是不行的!
秦兵馬俑導(dǎo)游詞范文【二】
Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum and the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses Museum
Emperor Qin Shihuang (259-210B.C.) had Ying as his surname and Zheng as his given name. He name to the throne of the Qin at age 13, and took the helm of the state at age of 22. By 221 B.C., he had annexed the six rival principalities of Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei, and established the first feudal empire in China’s history.
In the year 221 B.C., when he unified the whole country, Ying Zheng styled himself emperor. He named himself Shihuang Di, the first emperor in the hope that his later generations be the second, the third even the one hundredth and thousandth emperors in proper order to carry on the hereditary system. Since then, the supreme feudal rulers of China’s dynasties had continued to call themselves Huang Di, the emperor.
After he had annexed the other six states,
Emperor Qin Shihuang abolished the enfeoffment system and adopted the prefecture and county system. He standardized legal codes, written language, track, currencies, weights and measures. To protect against harassment by the Hun aristocrats.
Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the Great Wall be built. All these measures played an active role in eliminating the cause of the state of separation and division and strengthening the unification of the whole country as well as promotion the development of economy and culture. They had a great and deep influence upon China’s 2,000 year old feudal society.
Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the books of various schools burned except those of the Qin dynasty’s history and culture, divination and medicines in an attempt to push his feudal autocracy in the ideological field. As a result, China’s ancient classics had been devastated and destroy. Moreover, he once ordered 460 scholars be buried alive. Those events were later called in history“the burning of books and the burying of Confucian scholars.” Emperor Qin Shihuang，for his own pleasure, conscribed several hundred thousand convicts and went in for large-scale construction and had over seven hundred palaces built in the Guanzhong Plain. These palaces stretched several hundred li and he sought pleasure from one palace to the other. Often nobody knew where he ranging treasures inside the tomb, were enclosed alive. Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum has not yet been excavated. What looks like inside could noly be known when it is opened. However, the three pits of the terra-cotta warriot excavated outside the east gate of the outer enclosure of the necropolis can make one imagine how magnificent and luxurious the structure of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum was.
No.1 Pit was stumbled upon in March 1974 when villagers of Xiyang Village of Yanzhai township, Lintong County, sank a well 1.5km east of the mausoleum. In 1976, No.2 and 3 Pits were found 20m north of No.1 Pit respectively after the drilling survey. The terra-cotta warriors and horses are arrayed according to the Qin dynasty battle formation, symbolizing the troops keeping vigil beside the mausoleum. This discovery aroused much interest both at home and abroad. In 1975, a museum, housing the site of No.1 and covering an area of 16,300 square meters was built with the permission of the State Council. The museum was formally opened to public on Oct.1, the National Day, 1979. No.1 Pit is 230 meters long from east to west, 62m wide from north to south and 5m deep , covering a total area of 14,260 square meters. It is an earth-and-wood structure in the shape of a tunnel. There are five sloping entrances on the eastern and western sides of the pit respectively. The pit is divided into eleven corridors by ten earthen partition walls, and the floors are paved with bricks. Thick rafters were placed onto the walls (but now one can only see their remains), which were covered with mats and then fine soil and earth. The battle formation of the Qin dynasty, facing east. In the east end are arrayed three lines of terra-cotta warriors, 70 pieces in each, totaling 210 pieces. They are supposed to be the van of the formation. Immediately behind them are 38 columns of infantrymen alternating with war chariots in the corridors, each being 180m long. They are probably the main body of the formation. There is one line of warriors in the left, right and west ends respectively, facing outwards. They are probably the flanks and the rear. There are altogether 27 trial trench, it is assumed that more than 6,000 clay warriors and horses could be unearthed from No.1 Pit.
No.2 Pit sis about half the size of No.1 Pit, covering about 6,000 square meters Trail diggings show this is a composite formation of infantry, cavalry and chariot soldiers, from which roughly over 1,000 clay warriors, and 500 chariots and saddled horses could be unearthed. The 2,000-year-old wooden chariots are already rotten. But their shafts, cross yokes, and wheels, etc. left clear impressions on the earth bed. The copper parts of the chariots still remain. Each chariot is pulled by four horses which are one and half meters high and two metres long. According to textual research, these clay horses were sculptures after the breed in the area of Hexi Corridor. The horses for the cavalrymen were already saddled, but with no stirups. No.
3 Pit covers an area of 520m2 with only four horses, one chariot and 68 warriors, supposed to be the command post of the battle formation. Now, No.2 and 3 Pits have been refilled, but visitors can see some clay figures and weapons displayed in the exhibition halls in the museum that had been unearthed from these two pits. The floors of both No.1 and 2 Pits were covered with a layer of silt of 15 to 20cm thick. In these pits, one can see traces of burnt beams everywhere, some relics which were mostly broken. Analysis shows that the pits were burned down by Xiang Yu, leader of a peasant army. All of the clay warriors in the three pits held real weapons in their hands and face east, showing Emperor Qin Shihuang’s strong determination of wiping out the six states and unifying the whole country.
The height of the terra-cotta warriors varies from 1.78m, the shortest, to 1.97m, the tallest. They look healthy and strong and have different facial expressions. Probably they were sculpted by craftsmen according to real soldiers of the Qin dynasy. They organically combined the skills of round engraving, bas-relief and linear engraving, and utilized the six traditional folk crafts of sculpturing, such as hand-moulding, sticking, cutting, painting and so on. The clay models were then put in kilns, baked and colour-painted. As the terra-cotta figures have beeb burnt and have gone through the natural process of decay, we can’t see their original gorgeous colours. However, most of the terra-cotta figures bear the trace of the original colours, and few of them are still as bright as new. They are found to be painted by mineral dyestuffs of vermilion, bright red, pink dark green, powder green, purple, blue, orange, black and white colours.
Thousands of real weapons were unearthed from these terra-cotta army pits, including broad knives, swords, spears, dagger-axes, halberds, bows, crossbows and arrowheads. These weapons were exquisitely made. Some of theme are still very sharp, analyses show that they are made of alloys of copper and tin, containing more than ten kinds of other metals. Since their surfaces were treated with chromium, they are as bright as new, though buried underground for more than 2,000 years. This indicates that Qin dynasty’s metallurgical technology and weapon-manufacturing technique already reached quite a high level.
In December 1980, two teams of large painted bronze chariots and horses were unearthed 20 metres west of the mound of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum. These single shaft four-horse chariots each comprises 3,462 spare parts, and has a body with two compartments, one behind the other, and an elliptical umbrella like canopy. The four horses harnessed to the chariot are 65-67 centimeters tall. The restored bronze chariots and horses are exact imitations of true chariot, horse and driver in half life-size.
The chariots and horses are decorated with coloured drawings against white background. They have been fitted with more than 1,500 piecese of gold and silvers and decorations, looking luxurious, splendid and graceful. Probably they were meant for the use of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s soul to go on inspection. The bronze chariots and horses were made by lost wax casting, which shows a high level of technology. For instance, the tortoise-shell-like canopy is about 4mm thick, and the window is only 1mm thick on which are many small holes for ventilation. According to a preliminary study, the technology of manufacturing the bronze chariots and horses has involved casting, welding, reveting, inlaying embedding and chiseling. The excavation of the bronze chariots and horses provides extremely valuable material and data for the textual research of the metallurgical technique, the mechanism of the chariot and technological modeling of the Qin dynasty.
No.2 bronze chariot and horses now on display were found broken into 1,555 pieces when excavated. After two-and-half years’ careful and painstaking restoration by archaeologists and various specialists, they were formally exhibited in the museum on October 1, 1983. No.1 bronze chariot hand horses are on display from 1988.
秦兵馬俑導(dǎo)游詞范文【三】
大家好!我是夢(mèng)幻旅行社的一名優(yōu)秀導(dǎo)游.很榮幸,今天能帶領(lǐng)大家一起去已被列入<<世界遺產(chǎn)名錄>>的秦始皇陵及兵馬俑坑游玩.那么現(xiàn)在我們就出發(fā)吧!
秦兵馬俑坑是秦始皇的陪葬坑,由一號(hào)\二號(hào)\三號(hào)坑組成.今已建成博物館.兵馬俑排列成陣,氣勢(shì)壯觀.兵馬俑分將軍俑\騎兵俑\武士俑\陶馬等.館內(nèi)還展出了大型彩繪銅車(chē)馬.被稱(chēng)為世界第八大奇跡的秦兵馬俑展示了古長(zhǎng)安往日的輝煌.
現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)到了目的地----一號(hào)坑.一號(hào)坑在三個(gè)俑坑中面積最大,東西有230米長(zhǎng),南北有62米寬,總面積有14260平方米呢!坑里的兵馬俑也最多,有6000多個(gè)呢!
那么現(xiàn)在我就帶領(lǐng)大家一起去看看類(lèi)型眾多的兵馬俑吧!請(qǐng)大家在游覽過(guò)程中不要亂丟垃圾,隨地吐痰,破壞公共文物等........
看!這就是將軍俑.它身材魁梧,頭戴鶴冠,身上披著鎧甲,手里還握著寶劍,看它那若有所思樣子,好像在考慮如何打退匈奴大軍呢!
那個(gè)兵馬俑名叫武士俑.它身穿戰(zhàn)袍,披掛鎧甲,腳上還穿著前端向上翹的戰(zhàn)靴,手里還拿著兵器,瞧他那神氣的樣子,準(zhǔn)能把敵人嚇的屁滾尿流!
看這個(gè)身披鎧甲騎在馬上的青年,就是騎兵俑,他手持弓箭好像在等將軍一聲令下,就去與匈奴大軍作殊死拼博!
這個(gè)兵馬俑是陶馬,它的大小跟真馬差不多,個(gè)個(gè)形體健壯,肌肉豐滿(mǎn).看它那躍躍欲試的樣子,好像一聲令下,就會(huì)撒開(kāi)四蹄,騰空而起,踏上征程哩!
今天,我的講解就到這,謝謝大家對(duì)我的支持與信任.拜拜!
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