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英語(yǔ)作文全球清潔爐灶
Project Seeks to Cut Deaths, Build Market for Clean Cookstoves
This is the VOA Special English Development Report.
Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has announced a plan to get cleaner-burning cooking stoves into developing countries. The plan aims to reduce deaths caused by smoke from the traditional use of solid fuels and open fires.
Almost half the world's people breathe smoke from coal and biomass fuels like wood, dung and crop waste. The smoke can lead to lung cancer, heart disease, low birth weight and other problems. It also increases the risk of pneumonia, a leading cause of death in young children.
Women and children are most at risk because they spend the most time in the kitchen. Also, in areas of conflict, the search for fuel puts women at increased risk of violence.
The goal of the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves is one hundred million homes using safer cookstoves and fuels by twenty twenty.
Secretary Clinton said last week in New York that clean stoves could make as big a difference in the world as bed nets or vaccines.
HILLARY CLINTON: "The World Health Organization considers smoke from dirty stoves to be one of the five most serious health risks that face people in poor, developing countries. Nearly two million people die from its effects each year, more than twice the number from malaria. And because the smoke contains greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, as well as black carbon, it contributes to climate change."
Founding partners in the alliance include governments and United Nations agencies, nonprofit groups and the energy company Shell. The alliance hopes to raise at least two hundred fifty million dollars within ten years. The United States has promised to donate more than fifty million dollars over the next five years.
The aim is to create a strong global market for clean cookstoves. The alliance will identify target markets and work to get women involved in business operations. It will also develop indoor air-quality guidelines, test clean stoves and fuels and develop "research roadmaps."
The United States Environmental Protection Agency has donated six million dollars towards the effort. EPA Administrator Lisa Jackson says the problem of cookstove pollution is really an issue of poverty.
LISA JACKSON: "This is in many ways the ultimate environmental justice issue. We can't fix everything in their lives immediately but today we're starting a process to help them meet the most basic human need -- cooking a meal in a way that won't cause them harm."
And that's the VOA Special English Development Report, written by June Simms. You can read and listen to our programs -- and learn more about projects in the developing world -- at www.tingvoa.com. I'm Steve Ember.
這里是美國(guó)之音特別英語(yǔ)發(fā)展報(bào)道。
美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)卿希拉里·克林頓(Hillary Clinton)宣布了一項(xiàng)讓清潔燃?xì)鉅t灶進(jìn)入發(fā)展中國(guó)家的計(jì)劃，該計(jì)劃旨在降低因使用傳統(tǒng)固體燃料和明火產(chǎn)生的濃煙造成的死亡。
世界上有接近一半的人吸入來(lái)自煤和諸如木材、糞便、秸稈等生物燃料產(chǎn)生的濃煙。這種濃煙會(huì)引發(fā)肺癌，心臟病，新生兒體重不足和其他問(wèn)題，也會(huì)增加患肺炎風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。肺炎是導(dǎo)致幼兒死亡的主要病因之一。
婦女和兒童是風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最高的群體，因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)趶N房花費(fèi)的時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)。在戰(zhàn)亂地區(qū)，尋找燃料也增加了婦女遭受暴力的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
全球清潔爐灶聯(lián)盟的目標(biāo)是在2020年前，讓1億個(gè)家庭用上更安全的爐灶和燃料。
國(guó)務(wù)卿希拉里上周在紐約稱，清潔爐灶的作用于同蚊帳和疫苗一樣重要。
希拉里：“世界衛(wèi)生組織認(rèn)為，從非清潔爐灶中冒出的濃煙是貧窮和發(fā)展中國(guó)家人們面臨的5個(gè)最嚴(yán)重的健康危險(xiǎn)之一，每年有200萬(wàn)人因濃煙而死亡，超過(guò)瘧疾死亡人數(shù)的兩倍多。而且，由于濃煙中包含像二氧化碳，沼氣這些溫室氣體，以及炭黑，它會(huì)導(dǎo)致氣候變化。”
該聯(lián)盟的創(chuàng)建者包括各國(guó)政府、聯(lián)合國(guó)機(jī)構(gòu)、非盈利組織和殼牌能源公司。該聯(lián)盟希望在10年內(nèi)募集至少2.5億美元，美國(guó)已經(jīng)承諾在未來(lái)5年內(nèi)捐助5千多萬(wàn)美元。
該聯(lián)盟目的是創(chuàng)建強(qiáng)大的全球清潔爐灶市場(chǎng)。該聯(lián)盟將會(huì)明確目標(biāo)市場(chǎng)，并讓婦女參與到商業(yè)活動(dòng)中，它還將會(huì)制定室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，檢測(cè)清潔爐灶和燃料，以及繪制“科研藍(lán)圖”。
美國(guó)環(huán)保署已為此捐助了600萬(wàn)美元，署長(zhǎng)Lisa Jackson稱，爐灶污染確實(shí)是貧窮國(guó)家的一個(gè)問(wèn)題。
Lisa Jackson：“從很多方面來(lái)說(shuō)，這是最終的環(huán)境公平問(wèn)題。我們無(wú)法立刻解決他們生活中的所有問(wèn)題。但今天我們正在開(kāi)始做的是，幫助他們滿足最基本的人類需求--用一種不傷害身體的方式做飯。”
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