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英語記敘文寫作技巧
相信許多人都有過寫作文的經(jīng)歷，對作文都不陌生吧，尤其是應(yīng)用極其廣泛的記敘文，記敘文的六要素是指：時間、地點、人物、事件（經(jīng)過）、原因、結(jié)果等。那么問題來了，記敘文應(yīng)該怎么寫？下面是小編整理的英語記敘文寫作技巧（精選5篇），僅供參考，歡迎大家閱讀。
英語記敘文寫作技巧1
1.明確五個“W”和一個“H”
要寫好記敘文，首先必須確定寫些什么，然后懂得如何收集、選取素材，而不能提筆就寫，寫到哪里算哪里。
這里，我們可以借用新聞英語寫作中經(jīng)常用到的五個“W”和一個“H”的概念。
即：What(什么事)，Who(什么人)， When (什么時候)，Where(什么地點)，Why(什么原因)，How (怎么樣)。
盡管不是每篇英語記敘文都一定要將這些W和H包括進去，但是，一方面，確定寫作內(nèi)容、收集寫作素材必定要圍繞這五個W和一個H進行;另一方面，一篇好的英語記敘文讀后不應(yīng)讓讀者還存有上述疑問。
請讀下面這篇簡短的習(xí)作：
Last week I took part in the final piano contest at the school.On that night,I was so nervous(緊張)that I could hardly move my fingers.As I waited for my turn to appear on the stage,I was sure I had forgotten the opening notes of my piece of music.I began thinking of ways to run away;maybe I could faint(暈倒) or pretend(假裝)to be very much ill.But then at the last minute my piano teacher came by to wish me luck and said something that suddenly changed everything.When my turn came,I played with ease and confidence(信心).
Although the results of the contest were disappointing(失望),I was pleased that I had conquered(征服)one of my major enemies--stage fright(怯場).
文中黑體部分讀后讓人留下了兩個疑問：1)老師究竟說了些什么(What)使得一切突然發(fā)生了變化;
2)既然“輕松自信地”進行了演奏，為何(Why)結(jié)果會令人失望。
由于文章沒有很好地處理這兩個W，所以盡管文筆不錯，還是一篇沒有寫好的記敘文。
2.確定以第幾人稱以及何種順序展開記敘
一般來說，英語記敘文展開記敘的視角有兩個：第一人稱和第三人稱。
第一人稱是從“參與者”的角度進行記敘;第三人稱是以“觀察者”的身份展開敘述，要根據(jù)具體情況合理選用。
在用第一人稱的記敘文中，不要過多地使用“I…”，“We…”這樣的句型，以免給人單調(diào)乏味的感覺。
在以第三人稱進行記敘時，要避免過多的評論，以至失去記敘文的客觀性。
另一方面，確定了記敘視角后，不可再隨意變來變?nèi)�，以免破壞文章的連貫性以及打亂讀者的思路。
在確定了記敘的視角后，還要確定以何種順序展開記敘。
在英語記敘文中，最常用的是按事情發(fā)生的時間順序進行記敘。
盡管有時采用不按時間順序的倒敘、插敘等方法可以產(chǎn)生某種特定的效果，但就目前中學(xué)生的實際英語水平而言，最值得練習(xí)的還是以時間順序展開的記敘方法;因為這種記敘順序無論從時態(tài)，還是連接詞、過渡詞等方面都比較容易掌握。
下面是從第一人稱角度，按事情發(fā)生順序所寫的一篇較好的習(xí)作：
An Unusual Autumn Night
It was a cool autumn night.Many people were already deep in sleep,but I was still reading an interesting novel.Suddenly I smelt something burning.I looked out of the window.Oh,my god!A fire had broken out!A house on the opposite side was on fire.It was my classmate,Lilys house.Flames were shooting out of the kitchen windows.
Smoke was everywhere.“Fire!Fire!Help!Help!”I cried out at the top of my voice.Then I called the fire brigade.By this time,many neighbours had been worken up and were running out.I took a pail and joined the people in putting out the fire.Luckily,Lily and her parents came out in time.
They were so frightened and nervous that they could do nothing but cry.I was about to go to comfort them when suddenly I thought of the big colour TV set in their living room.It would explode and cause more damage if the fire reached it.
I rushed into the house without much thinking.I found the TV set quickly,but couldnt move it.The flames were coming.I tried all I could to push out the table on which the TV set was placed.The table suddenly moved and I fell,my leg hurt.Just at that time,two firefighters appeared.One carried me out and the other carried out the TV set.
About half an hour later,the fire was put out.Fortunately,it didnt destroy many things.Of course it didnt spread to other houses either.Lilys parents were so thankful that they couldnt say a word.My neighbours and the firefighters said I was a brave girl.
Later that night,I didnt sleep a wink,not that my injured leg hurt much but that I was excited.I thought a lot.In this world,there are still bad things-- theft,robbery,wars,but there are more good-natured people.If everyone does a bit for others,the world will become much better.
3.在塑造人物、展開情節(jié)上下功夫
像寫漢語記敘文一樣，要寫好英語記敘文也必須在塑造人物、展開情節(jié)上下功夫。
我們記敘的任何事情都是要由人來進行的，人物塑造的好壞是衡量記敘文好壞的一個重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
因此，人物，特別是主要人物的動作、言語如何記敘表達都應(yīng)該仔細推敲。
另外，所述事情的情節(jié)展開也不能面面俱到地“報流水賬”，而要突出重點，詳略有致。
還應(yīng)該有意識地采用類似“設(shè)置懸念”、“前后呼應(yīng)”等的寫作手法，以吸引讀者的興趣。
請讀下面這篇摘自人民教育出版社出版的高一英語教科書中的一篇短文：
My friend Paul will never forget his first chemistry teacher.He was a little man with thick glasses,but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.And his lessons were not easily forgotten.
Paul remembers one of his first lessons from this teacher.After the students were all in the chemistry lab,the teacher brought out three bottles.One was filled with petrol(汽油),one with castor oil(蓖麻油)and one with vinegar(醋).
“Now watch carefully,”said the teacher.
He then filled a cup with some of the petrol,some of the castor oil and some of the vinegar.As the students watched him quietly,he mixed the three together.After that,he held up one of his fingers and showed it to the class.He then dipped it into the cup.After a few seconds he took his finger out.“Now watch,”he said.“Remember,you must do everything as I do.”
He put a finger in his mouth,tasted it and smiled,looking rather pleased.Then he handed the cup around the class of students.Each student dipped a finger into the mixture and sucked (吮吸)it.Instead of smiling,each of them made a face.The mixture tasted terrible.
When the cup was at last returned to the teacher,he said sadly,“Im sorry,none of you watched carefully enough.Yes,I sucked a finger,but the finger I put into my mouth was not the one I had dipped into the cup.”
It was Pauls first important lesson as a student of chemistry and he never forgot it.
全文重點突出，抓住化學(xué)課上老師讓學(xué)生嘗試混合液體這一細節(jié)來詳細敘述，而不贅述化學(xué)課的其他環(huán)節(jié)。
同時，通過著重描寫嘗試混合液體的過程以及相應(yīng)的反應(yīng)，特別是用直接引語客觀表述老師的說明，令人信服地塑造了一個讓人難以忘懷的教師形象。
總之，寫好英語記敘文的基本方法是：首先明確所要記敘的要素，即上面所述的五個W和一個H;然后，確定以第幾人稱的視角以及何種順序展開記敘，以保證記敘的條理性;最后，多在塑造人物、展開情節(jié)上下功夫，使文章能引人入勝。
英語記敘文寫作技巧2
一、方法指導(dǎo)
敘述文實際上就是記敘文，是以敘述人物或事物發(fā)展變化的過程為主的一種文體。
通常使用第一人稱或第三人稱來寫，第一人稱主要是用于寫自傳或本人的經(jīng)歷，第三人稱是用于寫他人的經(jīng)歷或事跡。
敘述文一般都是敘述過去發(fā)生的事情，所以原則上通常用過去時態(tài)寫。
敘述的方法一般是按事物發(fā)展的順序來進行表達的。
二、實例與范文
愛因斯坦是20世紀(jì)最偉大的科學(xué)家之一。
有一次，一個年輕人問愛因斯坦成功的秘訣是什么，愛因斯坦說是刻苦，幾天后這個人又問了同一個問題，愛因斯坦很惱火，他什么也沒說，只在紙上寫了幾個字遞給那個年輕人，紙上寫著“A=X+Y+Z”，年輕人不明白，于是愛因斯坦解釋道：A指成功，X指刻苦，Y指好方法，Z指少說多做。
Albert Einstein was one of the greatest scientists in the 20th century.A young man once asked the great scientist what the secret of success is.Einstein told him that the secret of success is hard work.A few days later,the young man asked him the same question again.Einstein was very annoyed.
He did not say anything but wrote a few words on a piece of paper.On it writing:A=X+Y+Z.” What does this mean by?” asked the young man.“A means success,”explained the scientist,“X stands for hard work.Y stands for good methods and Z means — stop talking and get down to work.”
英語記敘文寫作技巧3
記敘文是記人敘事的文章，它主要是用于說明事件的時間、背景、起因、過程及結(jié)果，即我們通常所說的五個“ W ”(what,who,when,where,why)和一個“ H ”(how)。
記敘文的重點在于“述說”和“描寫”，因此一篇好的記敘文要敘述條理清楚，描寫生動形象。
下面就談?wù)動⒄Z記敘文的特點和寫好記敘文的基本要領(lǐng)。
一、記敘文的特點
1.敘述的人稱
英語的記敘文一般是以第一或第三人稱的角度來敘述的。
用第一稱表示的是由敘述者親眼所見、親耳所聞的經(jīng)歷。
它的優(yōu)點在于能把故事的情節(jié)通過“我”來傳達給讀者，使人讀后感到真實可信，如身臨其境。
如：
The other day,I was driving along the street.Suddenly,a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast.I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side.But it was too late.The car hit my bike and I fell off it.
用第三人稱敘述，優(yōu)點在于敘述者不受“我”活動范圍以內(nèi)的人和事物的限制，而是通過作者與讀者之外的第三者，直接把故事中的情節(jié)展現(xiàn)在讀者面前，文章的客觀性很強。
如：
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella,for it was raining hard.On the way,he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover.Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her,but he was too short.What could he do? Then he had a good idea.
2.動詞的時態(tài)
在記敘文中，記和敘都離不開動詞。
所以動詞出現(xiàn)率最高，且富于變化。
記敘文中用得最多的是動詞的過去的，這是英語記敘文區(qū)別于漢語記敘文的關(guān)鍵之處。
英語寫作的優(yōu)美之處就在于這些動詞時態(tài)的變化，正是這一點才使得所記、所敘有鮮活的動態(tài)感、鮮明的層次感和立體感。
3.敘述的順序
記敘一件事要有一定的順序。
無論是順敘、倒敘、插敘還是補敘，都要讓讀者能弄清事情的來龍去脈。
順敘最容易操作，較容易給讀者提供有關(guān)事情的空間和時間線索。
但這種方法也容易使文章顯得平鋪直敘，讀起來平淡乏味。
倒敘、插敘、補敘等敘述方法能有效地提高文章的結(jié)構(gòu)效果，讓所敘之事跌宕起伏，使讀者在閱讀時思維產(chǎn)生較大的跳躍，從而為文章所吸引，深入其中。
但這些方法如果使用不當(dāng)，則容易弄巧成拙，使文章結(jié)構(gòu)散亂，頭緒不清，讓讀者不知所云。
4.敘述的過渡
過渡在上下文中起著承上啟下、融會貫通的作用。
過渡往往用在地點轉(zhuǎn)移或時間、事件轉(zhuǎn)換以及由概括說明到具體敘述時。
如：
In my summer holidays,I did a lot of things.Apart form doing my homework,reading an English novel,watching TV and doing some housework,I went on a trip to Qingdao.It is really a beautiful city.There are many places of interest to see.But what impressed me most was the sunrise.
The next morning I got up early.I was very happy because it was a fine day.By the time I got to the beach,the clouds on the horizon were turning red.In a little while,a small part of the sun was gradually appearing.The sun was very red,not shining.It rose slowly.At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea,just like a deep-red ball.At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright.
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5.敘述與對話
引用故事情節(jié)中主要人物的對話是記敘文提高表現(xiàn)力的一種好方法。
適當(dāng)?shù)赜弥苯右Z代替間接的主觀敘述，可以客觀生動地反映人物的性格、品質(zhì)和心理狀態(tài)，使記敘生動、有趣，使文章內(nèi)容更加充實、具體。
試比較下面兩段的敘述效果：
I was in the kitchen,and I was cooking something.Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front.I thought maybe someone was knocking the door.I asked who it was but I heard no reply.After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor.I realized it was the cat.I felt released.
這本來應(yīng)是一段故事性很強的文字，但經(jīng)作者這么一寫，就不那么吸引人了。
原因是文中用的都是敘述模式，沒有人物語言，把“懸念”給沖淡了。
可作如下調(diào)整：
I was in the kitchen cooking something."Crash!" a loud noise came from the front.Thinking someone was knocking at the door,I asked,"Who?" No reply.After a while,I saw my cat running across the parlor."Its you." I said,quite released.
二、寫好記敘文的基本要領(lǐng)
1.頭緒分明，脈絡(luò)清楚
寫好記敘文，首先要頭緒分明，脈絡(luò)清楚，明確文章要求寫什么。
要對所寫的事件或人物進行分析，弄清事件發(fā)生、發(fā)展一直到結(jié)束的整個過程，然后再收集選取素材。
這些素材都應(yīng)該跟上述五個“ W ”和一個“ H ”有關(guān)。
盡管不是每篇記敘文里都必須包括這些“ W ”和“ H ”，但動筆之前，圍繞五個“ W ”和“ H ”進行構(gòu)思是必不可少的。
2.突出中心，詳略得當(dāng)
在文章的框架確定后，對支持故事的素材的選取是很關(guān)鍵的。
選材要注意取舍，應(yīng)該從表現(xiàn)文章主題的需要出發(fā)，分清主次，定好詳略。
要突出重點，詳寫細述那些能表現(xiàn)文章主題的重要情節(jié)，略寫粗述那么非關(guān)鍵的次要情節(jié)。
面面俱到反而使情節(jié)羅列化，使人不得要領(lǐng)。
這一點是寫好記敘文要解決的一個基本問題，也需要一定的技巧。
如：
One night a man came to our house and told me,"There is a family with eight children.They have not eaten for days." I took some food with me and went.
When I finally came to that family,I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破壞外貌) by hunger.There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces,just the deep pain of hunger.
I gave the rice to the mother.She divided the rice in two,and went out,carrying half the rice.When she came back,I asked her,"Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer,"To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3.用活語言，準(zhǔn)確生動
記敘文要用具體的事件和生動的語言對人、事、物加以敘述。
一篇好的記敘文的語言既要準(zhǔn)確、生動，又要表現(xiàn)力強，這樣才能把人、事描寫得具體生動，其可讀性才強。
試比較下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文：
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away.He was soon lost among people and traffic.He could not find the way back home and started crying.Just then,two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying.They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened.Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived.
The two students decided to take him home.Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound.She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money,but they didnt take it.She served them with tea but they left.
修改后：
The other day,five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street.After some time,he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home.But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic.When he could not find the way home,he started and crying.Just then,two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop.They immediately went up to him.
"Little boy,why are you standing here crying?" they asked.
"I want Mom,I go home." said the boy,still crying.
"Dont worry,well send you home."
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boys house.With the help of a policeman,they finally found it.
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound,she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house.Gratefully,she offered them some money,saying it was a way to express her thanks,but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea.
英語記敘文寫作技巧4
記敘文是以敘述人物的經(jīng)歷和事物的發(fā)展變化過程為主要表現(xiàn)形式的一種文體。記敘文既可以以寫人為主，又可以以寫事為主。寫記敘文要注意記敘文的“六大要素”即：
時間(When)—— 何時發(fā)生，有沒有具體時間?
地點(Where)—— 何地發(fā)生，有沒有地點變化?
人物(Who)—— 何人參與，誰是主角?
事件(What)—— 發(fā)生了什么，有何特點?
原因(Why)—— 事件的起因?
結(jié)果(How)—— 事件的經(jīng)過及結(jié)局?
一般說來，在一篇記敘文中這六大要素是缺一不可的。
記敘文的思路就圍繞這六大要素充分展開。
【例】英語四級考試中，只出現(xiàn)過一次專門的記敘文體裁的寫作，即“An Early Morning Walk”(1988.6.)，2003年6月出現(xiàn)過包含記敘文的作文，即“An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident”。
對于“An Early Morning Walk”，知道命題要求后，我們就要開始構(gòu)思了。
When：題目已規(guī)定了是“清晨”，在這個時候，“我”去散步。
Where：到哪兒散步?去公園?在校園里?在街上(街上空氣不好，還是不去!)。
Who：在公園里看到晨練的人：中老年人、年輕人、小孩子;在校園里看到讀書背單詞的學(xué)生。
What：人們熱火朝天地做操，隨音樂跳舞，打球，等等。
Why：清晨空氣清新，適合鍛煉;一日之際在于晨，背背書，讀讀單詞。
當(dāng)然，由這個題目可以令人想到很多東西，因篇幅所限，我們做了刪減。
參考范文
An Early Morning Walk
One morning I got up very early,and everything around was very quiet.The sun had just risen,shining brilliantly and everything seemed to be covered with a layer of golden silk.There were only some birds singing occasionally in the tall trees.I strolled along the street toward the park,breathing the fresh air and feeling extremely happy.
When I arrived at the park,I found,to my surprise,that there were so many people there.Men and women,boys and girls,all were enjoying themselves in their various activities.Some were doing morning exercises,some were playing badminton and some old people were having their tea while talking to each other cheerfully.
I wandered around the park.To my delight,I found a few middle-school students talking to each other in English in one corner of the park.I went up and spoke to them in English.We soon became friends.I was very glad to find another opportunity to practice my spoken English.On the way home,I realized that an early morning walk really was good and healthful.Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise.
敘述一場交通事故
A:根據(jù)以下提示敘述一場交通事故：1)用第一人稱;2)短語提示：drive home at about 30 kilometers an hour;it was dark;a small girl chased a dog;not hit her but hit a car in the other direction3)寫出作者對此交通意外的感想。
參考范文
Last night I was driving home from work.I had an accident.I was following behind a truck,driving at about 30 kilometers an hour.I was watching the traffic carefully because it was getting dark.
Suddenly a small girl ran onto the road from the left.She was chasing a dog and she wasn’t paying any attention to the traffic.I immediately applied the brakes and turned the steering wheel quickly to the right.
The girl jumped towards the side of the road as soon as she saw my car.Fortunately I did not hit her,but I hit a car coming in the other direction.Luckily I was not driving very fast so the damage was not serious.It is better to damage a car than to injure a young child,I thought to myself.
B:以第一人稱寫一篇記敘文，講述在旅行中經(jīng)歷的一件小事。
參考范文
Go on a Mediterranean Journey
My wife and I have always enjoyed traveling by sea，and last year we decided to go on a Mediterranean journey.Although our holiday was rather expensive we thought that the high standard of accommodation,the first-class food and the many interesting places we saw were well worth the price we paid.
We found that most of the other passengers were friendly and interesting,but there was one man,a Mr.James,who irritated and annoyed us.Whatever subject we talked about,it seemed that he was an expert at it.He had,apparently,read more books,visited more countries and studied more languages,than anyone else had.After a few days,we ate our meals in silence,because nobody wanted to begin a conversation that would soon be taken over by this man.
Then my wife had an idea.She suggested that we might think of an unusual subject,look it up in an encyclopedia and then talk about it at dinner.If it were an unusual subject,Mr.James could not possibly know anything about it.The subject we chose was “English Agriculture in the Eleventh Century.” At dinner that night we discussed this subject with great enthusiasm.Mr.James was silent.We realized we had at last come to find something he knew nothing about.
英語記敘文寫作技巧5
記敘文講述一件事或一系列事情或事件。從廣義上講，真實或虛構(gòu)的故事、自傳、歷史、新聞都屬于記敘文。寫記敘文要注意以下五個方面：
1.背景
記敘文往往一開頭就向讀者提供背景資料，交代文中所敘述事件發(fā)生的地點、時間等。這樣讀者容易理解文章中的記敘的事件。
2.細節(jié)的選擇與詳略
作者應(yīng)該選用與內(nèi)容有關(guān)或能表現(xiàn)主要觀點的細節(jié)，而不應(yīng)把胡子眉毛一把抓，最后讓讀者如墮煙海，不知所云。敘事要根據(jù)中心的需要來確定詳略，對最能表達中心的要詳寫，其他的則略寫。作者把敘事的重點放在主要細節(jié)上，對其他細節(jié)則一筆帶過，這樣就疏密有致，濃淡相宜，文章和諧勻稱，主題突出。
3.組織結(jié)構(gòu)
在記敘文中，事件通常是按其發(fā)生的先后次序來敘述的，這叫順敘。但是故事有時也可以從中間甚至結(jié)局寫起，從最重要、最能引人入勝的事件開始，然后回過頭來追述故事的開端和經(jīng)過，這叫倒敘。
記敘文一般有開頭、中間和結(jié)尾。場景描寫可以放在開頭，中間部分講述故事本身。故事講明白了，敘述也就自然而然地結(jié)束了，無需增加一個多余的結(jié)尾。但有時可能需要增加一兩句話，談?wù)劰适碌闹卮笠饬x或后來又發(fā)生了什么事情。
4.敘事內(nèi)容
敘事內(nèi)容要清楚、完整，文章結(jié)構(gòu)要體現(xiàn)“五何”原則。
敘述一件事情，就要在文中交代清楚五方面的內(nèi)容即何時、何地、何人、何事以及發(fā)展如何，也就是英語中的when.where.who.what 以及how，使敘述做到有因有果，有起有落，給人以完整的印象。交代五大要素時，要力求靈活多樣，切忌呆板。例如交代時間時，可用時間狀語(When we arrived there?) 也可用介詞短語(on arriving there)或用一些時間 (then)副詞等，只有靈活地交代要素，文章才能生動。
敘事離不開寫人，因此敘事記敘文中一定要注意寫好人物，表現(xiàn)出人物的性格特征。而語言又是思想的載體，因此，文中適當(dāng)?shù)赜弥苯右Z不僅起著刻畫人物性格的作用，而對事件的發(fā)展也有一定程度的推動作用。因此，在寫敘事記敘文時必須注意人物和對話的描寫。
5.敘述角度
故事可以用第一人稱敘述，也可以用第三人稱的敘述，二者各有利弊。第一人稱的敘述使讀者感到所描繪的一切都是作者親眼所見或親自經(jīng)歷過的，因此讀起來更真實生動。但是，這種敘述難以反映在同一時間內(nèi)不同地點發(fā)生的事情。第三人稱敘述就沒有這一局限性，同時還可能更加客觀。不過，妥善地編排在不同地點、不同人物身上發(fā)生的事情也不是一件容易的事。
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