西安城墻英文導(dǎo)游詞

　　西安城墻又稱西安明城墻，是中國(guó)現(xiàn)存規(guī)模最大、保存最完整的古代城垣。下面是關(guān)于西安城墻英文導(dǎo)游詞范文！

　　西安城墻英文導(dǎo)游詞

　　All visitors:

　　China has hundreds of ancient city wall, which with the biggest scale of ancient city wall in Beijing, Nanjing and Xi'an, but Beijing, the ancient city wall of Nanjing has been destroyed or badly damaged, and was founded in the year 1370 of ancient city wall of Xi'an so far are still intact. Japanese Emperor's visit to Xian, put "the eighth wonder of the world," Qin terracotta pit can not, they boarded the 600 years ago Westgate tower built in the, a taste of the ancient city wall majestic appearance. Please follow me to visit the ancient city wall of Xi'an.

　　For visitors, these days we have been in the garage or enjoy the sunset in the dawn of the ancient city walls are colorful and ancient deep. Now we come to the foot of the wall, please go to the city wall tour.

　　You must want to know what the real meaning of the city wall is. The word "city wall" was originally derived from the word "city". "City" according to the "Shuowen" explains, phonetic loan characters "Sheng", "Sheng" is satisfied that the people, so the original meaning of the word "city" is soil around the people and country, which leads to the walls of righteousness. Known as the backbone of the Chinese nation's "the Great Wall city" Yu, is also the meaning of the wall. Just later with the development of society, the word "city" also contains the interpretation of today's city. "City" first appeared in the Zhou Dynasty of Jin Wenzhong, see the physical embodiment of the military use of the ancient city wall from the shape. Military role of walls is protecting private ownership, and in ideology, wall body size and patriarchal clan system strictly reflect. Obviously the ruler is to create the wall, use it to protect themselves, that paul. Now we see the walls of Xi'an, is one of the most famous Chinese wall construction history. It from the Ming Hong Wu for three years (year 1370) Zhu Yuanzhang, issued an edict to repair the city to start, to Hong Wu eleven years (1378 AD) completed, which lasted 8 years is in the capital of the Sui and Tang Dynasties on the basis of the imperial city building expansion and, after successive repairs, basically maintained complete feudal society the walls of the building appearance, reflecting the outstanding achievement of Chinese ancient fortification technology.

　　Fellow tourists, then the city wall of Xi'an in the end how much it. Its structure is how? According to estimates, Xi'an city wall circumference of 11.9 kilometers, the east wall 2590 meters, west wall 2631.2 meters, south wall 3441.6 meters, north wall 3241 meters. Such a scale is relatively rare at home and abroad.

　　We saw the walls built outside the four guard gates of the town, called the urn. The so-called urn, meaning for the enemy once inside, will be the Barbican wall above the attack from all sides, like bottled up, unable to escape. Wengcheng also built a guard in the town, called the goat horse. Ancient gate Kai has closed the stipulated time, shut the gate after has not been returned to town can be together with holding his sheep, drive the horses into the sheep in Oklahoma City and modern city park area rest, waiting to open the gates to the city. Xi'an city has been completely destroyed in the late Qing Dynasty in sheep. Remember in 1986 in Xi'an City Andingmen (Simon) Barbican outside the north about 17.5 meters place found sheep Oklahoma City on the north side of the doorway, 5.5 meters long, 2.4 meters wide. Now we can see the gate Wengcheng lateral repaired sheep Macheng, wall 198 meters long, 9.5 meters high.

　　西安城墻英文導(dǎo)游詞2

　　First of all we visited is a magnificent momentum of the city wall of the Ming dynasty. The walls of our eyes are bright. Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang believes that "such as landscape solid, non storage by deep trenches and high ramparts, and not for security." So from the Ming Hong Wu for three years (year 1370) Xiazhao repair the city commenced, took eight years to complete, is in the capital of the Sui and Tang Dynasties on the basis of the Imperial City, to the North East, each expansion of the 1 / 4 points to build a form today's walls. Now we see the city wall is a thing long, short and long rectangular, 13.79 km circumference, an area of 11.5 square kilometers. Is a function of careful design, form the magnificent military defense facilities. I will give you down respectively building structure of the various parts of both the one one walls were introduced:

　　First of all we see is the moat, also called the "moat", it is the first line of defense to prevent the enemy attack. Across the moat only channel is our immediate suspension. The bridge in the past by the soldiers guard the gates in charge, they obey the command timing lifting morning bell and evening drum -- reminders ". Once the war is coming, the bridge was high up, the whole city will become a closed fortress. Just a friend of mine asked where control of suspension bridge, this is what we are here to visit the gates of, the above is building gate, namely lift bridge between control. Shing Mun is a very important part of the defense facilities, so now, please follow me into the Shing Mun, to understand the walls of the other part of the.

　　In fact, the perfect gate is composed of gate building, floor, watchtower. We see the outside is a building gate, lifting its most important role is to control the suspension bridge, and also has the night watchman role. Gate building is two story mount structure, although the form is very simple, but has a decisive role. This is the two line of defense of the city.

　　In front of the building to see the watchtower. A total of 66 watchtower arrow window hole, the formation of the attack surface of a fan-shaped, but by window down killing the enemy soldiers.

　　Between the gate and building the watchtower, the formation of the half space, we called the barbican. Its role is if the enemy invaded the gates into the urn, when attacked by 4 urn face condescending, like wengzhongzhuobie.

　　We can see on the opposite side of the building is building, it is the innermost layer of the wall of building construction. Is building form style chongyanxieshan, he took command of the garrison is wartime command.

　　The tall gate, the gate is the struggle between the two sides fighting the weak link, is also the ruler built defense key. Built in the Ming Dynasty wall, attaches great importance to the defense function of gate. Where they have a very high technological breakthrough, breaking the began in the Western Han Dynasty follows the 1500 year old "lintel" Gates, the biggest drawback is the fire attack, so there is "gates of fire, disaster and later Fish" story. Ming Dynasty city gate the coupons arch openings, can effectively resist incendiary attacks, so greatly improve the defense ability of the walls. Xi'an city wall door from top to lower transverse hoop 9 width 15 cm of iron bars, the 1800 mushroom nailing, strengthen the intensity of the door leaf, make arrows cannot be launched into the door, so as to strengthen the attack against the gates of. This is the third line of the city wall.

　　We can see a few words Yongning gate gate. In the Ming city wall of Xi'an East, West, North and south each have a city gate. South Gate, Yongning gate, mean south is Vulcan is located, is not to fire prayer, fires, eternal peace. East Gate of Changle gate, Hetuvidya capital city, Nanjing is located in the east of Xi'an, the word "Changle" with prayer wish Daming Jiangshan million years is not bad, long happy desire. Simon to Andingmen, suggesting that western frontier Aetna Kangding. The north gate of ANN Town, northern frontier means long-term stability, not war.

　　Now we have to climb the wall, to feel his magnificent momentum. The bottom wall with lime, loess, glutinous rice juice and stir ramming, after drying, as hard as stone. The history of the wall had several repairs, two of the most famous. The first is in Ming Longqing 2002 (1568 AD), at the Shaanxi provincial governor Zhang worshiped at the bottom of the wall top surface and an external wall are package to build the brick make the walls look magnificent and majestic. During the reign of the Qing Dynasty, at the Shaanxi governor, Bi Yuan and the walls were large-scale maintenance, reinforcement, will brick package thickening, the laying of sea of plaster, and upgrading the drainage system. The top of the walls on the plane is a sea of plaster, it is raised the city soldiers puta will channel, with tabia bottom covered with two layers of bricks and into, can be convenient to the city traffic and prevent water infiltration. Sea of plaster from outside to inside is 5 degrees of inclination, the rain quickly into the city inside the gutters, effectively protect the wall are not immersed in water to protect the wall. Walls of each separated by 40 - 60 meters a sink. They masonry structure, attached on the inside walls, direct from the top of the wall to wall, communicated and ditches. Xi'an city wall is preserved, the complete drainage system has played a significant role.

　　In order to ensure soldiers and chariot safe walking in the city, at the top of the wall built along the wall yu. In order to facilitate observation, and on the outer edge of the building wall. Square hole in the wall at the bottom of the eye is also called hanging out, a glimpse of soldiers shooting place.

　　A solid pier projecting along the outer wall called the Barbican, commonly known as navodon. On the wall a total of 98. The towers are 120 meters apart, the distance and the weapons of the past are related, the midpoint of 120 meters is 60 meters.

　　西安城墻建筑形制

　　西安城墻完全圍繞“防御”戰(zhàn)略體系，城墻的厚度大于高度，非常堅(jiān)固，墻頂可以跑車和操練。墻高12米，頂寬12—14米，底寬15—18米，周長(zhǎng)13.74千米。城門(mén)有四：東長(zhǎng)樂(lè)門(mén)，西安定門(mén)，南永寧門(mén)，北安遠(yuǎn)門(mén)。每門(mén)城樓三重：閘樓、箭樓、正樓。正樓高32米，長(zhǎng)40余米，為歇山頂式，四角翹起，三層重檐，底層有回廊環(huán)繞，古色古香，巍峨壯觀。

　　城墻包括護(hù)城河、吊橋、閘樓、箭樓、正樓、角樓、敵樓、女兒墻、垛口等軍事設(shè)施。城墻四角各有角墻一座，城墻外有城壕。城墻上外側(cè)筑有雉堞，又稱垛墻，共5984個(gè)，上有垛口，可射箭和瞭望。內(nèi)側(cè)矮墻稱為女墻，無(wú)垛口，以防兵士往來(lái)行走時(shí)跌下。城墻每隔120米修敵臺(tái)一座，突出在城墻之外，頂與城墻面平。這是專為射殺爬城的敵人設(shè)置的。敵臺(tái)之間距離的一半，恰好在弓箭的有效射程之內(nèi)，便于從側(cè)面射殺攻城的敵人。城墻上共有敵臺(tái)98座，上面都建有駐兵的敵樓。

　　最初的西安城墻用黃土分層夯打而成，最底層用土、石灰和糯米汁混合夯打，異常堅(jiān)硬。后來(lái)又將整個(gè)城墻內(nèi)外壁及頂部砌上青磚。城墻頂部每隔40-60米有一道用青磚砌成的水槽，用于排水，對(duì)西安古城墻的長(zhǎng)期保護(hù)起了非常重要的作用。

　　古代武器落后，城門(mén)又是唯一的'出入通道，所以這里是封建統(tǒng)治者苦心經(jīng)營(yíng)的防御重點(diǎn)。西安城墻四座城門(mén)分別有正樓、箭樓、閘樓三重城樓。閘樓在最外，其作用是升降吊橋，箭樓在中，正面和兩側(cè)設(shè)有方形窗口，供射箭用。正樓在最里，樓下是城的正門(mén)。箭樓與正樓之間用圍墻連接，叫甕城，是屯兵的地方。甕城中還有通向城頭的馬道，緩上無(wú)臺(tái)階，便于戰(zhàn)馬上下。全城還建有馬道11處。城墻四角都有突出城外的角臺(tái)。除西南角是圓形，可能是保持唐皇城轉(zhuǎn)角原狀外，其它都是方形。角臺(tái)上修有較敵臺(tái)更為高大的角樓，表明了這里在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的重要地位。

　　西安城墻的防御性非常強(qiáng)，城外的護(hù)城河為第一道防線。河上設(shè)有吊橋，是進(jìn)出的唯一通道。吊橋白天降落在護(hù)城河兩岸，供人出入。晚上吊橋升在空中，就斷絕了進(jìn)城的道路。城門(mén)外有間樓（也叫譙樓），用以打更和報(bào)警，為第二道防線。閘樓后邊是箭樓，高30余米，外面墻體筆直，箭孔密布，便于瞭望和射擊，這是第三道防線。箭樓和正樓之間是甕城，面積9348平方米，它的作用是：若敵人攻進(jìn)此處，即形成“甕中捉鱉”之勢(shì)，這是第四道防線。第五道防線自然是正城門(mén)了。

　　除了城門(mén)設(shè)防嚴(yán)密外，另外城墻四個(gè)拐角的角臺(tái)上還修有角樓，作用是輔助城門(mén)，觀察和防御四面外來(lái)之?dāng)�。整個(gè)城墻外側(cè)，每隔120米有一座馬面（也叫敵臺(tái)）。每個(gè)馬面寬20米，從城墻向外伸出12米，高低、結(jié)構(gòu)和城墻相同。西安城共有馬面98座，垛口5984個(gè)，使城墻外側(cè)成鋸齒形。每個(gè)馬面上建有可供駐守軍隊(duì)的卡房（也叫敵樓）3間。城墻和馬面上有女兒墻，墻上有既能藏身又能瞭望、射擊的凹口和方孔。

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